The aim of this study is to investigate the probable adaptability problems Afrikaans speaking pupils experience in the international, multicultural, private schools of Botswana and how these problems concerning adaptability can have an influence on their academic success. Over the last forty years Botswana has made name for itself as the most stable country in Africa. Here is no dictators craving for power, no poverty because of mismanagement and no violent oppression or unconstitutional behavior visible. On the contrary, since the country became independent in 1966, it only knew the road to prosperity. When the country became independent there was only eight kilometers of tarred road found in the whole of Botswana. Today the main routes don’t have to stand back one step for those found in South Africa. The local currency, the Pula, is stronger than the rand and there is less crime as what is the case in South Africa as well as much less visible poverty. Al the facts mentioned above are only a few reasons why Botswana became an attractive refuge, close but still outside the borders of South Africa, for so many South African citizens. Approximately 80% of all the companies found in the capital, Gaborone have South African roots. Since 1990 the number of South Africans that relocated to Botswana has tripled. Education plays a very important role in the prosperity of Botswana and the country spends in the vicinity of 22% of its annual budget on education. Because of the huge influx of foreigners, especially over the last ten years, a number of international, English medium, private schools were founded. In the past, these English medium schools provided mostly education for foreign learners. The current tendency is however that more and more local learners start attending especially the secondary, private schools because of the international curriculums these schools offer. Afrikaans speaking learners coming from Afrikaans medium schools in South Africa are faced with definite problems concerning adapting when they visit the international, multicultural private schools of Botswana for the first time. The four most important concepts identified in the study were the international education environment of the multicultural, private schools in Botswana, multicultural education, and the concepts culture and milieu-handicapped. The problems concerning adaptability experienced by Afrikaans speaking pupils are mostly found on the social- and cultural domains as well as adapting to the new medium of education. There are several factors, internally as well as externally from the school environment identified which can play a leading role in the successful adaptation of these learners. The social- en psychological development of the child as well as the style of education portrayed by the parents can both play a leading role in the successful adaptation of these learners. Factors that can all contribute to a more or less extend to the successful social adaptation of Afrikaans speaking pupils include the role of the school, community, peer group, church and media. Concerning the successful cultural adaptation of Afrikaans speaking pupils several factors are identified. These include cultural differentiation, cultural integration, cultural continuity, cultural relativity, cultural pluralism, the philosophy of life concerning culture, the economic technical cultural domain, the social welfare cultural domain as well as the spiritual cultural domain. Lastly the study looked at the adaptation regarding the medium of education Afrikaans speaking pupils face. Factors which play a role here include the differences of the language spoken at school, in the home and in the community as well as the influence language and culture have. The successful social- and cultural adaptation and adaptation regarding the medium of education of Afrikaans speaking pupils can all contribute to the successful academic performance of these learners. A poor academic record, limited intellectual possibilities, unfavorable personality characteristics, inadequate study methods as well as school migration can contribute to the successful academic performance of Afrikaans speaking pupils. By means of a comprehensive study of literature the factors which can play a role in the adaptation of Afrikaans speaking pupils in the international, multicultural, private schools are in detail examined and discussed. An empiric investigation, where both the Afrikaans speaking pupils and their parents played a part, was done after the study of literature. The investigation proofs that Afrikaans speaking pupils do suffer from adaptation problems and are mostly experienced in the cultural domain. Continuing research in the field of adaptation problems of Afrikaans speaking pupils, not only in Botswana but globally, should be undertaken. With the huge number of South Africans leaving South Africa this research can be a source of information to both parents and learners alike. / Thesis (PhD (Curriculum Studies))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Curriculum Studies / unrestricted

本研究旨在瞭解台灣地區大學生的網際網路使用行為、性別、社會焦慮與網路諮商意願、生活適應問題接受網路諮商意願之關係。首先，瞭解大學生之網際網路使用行為、社會焦慮、網路諮商意願、生活適應問題接受網路諮商意願之現況，以及其間之性別差異。其次，在瞭解網際網路使用行為與網路諮商意願、生活適應問題接受網路諮商意願之關係；性別與網路諮商意願、生活適應問題接受網路諮商意願之關係；社會焦慮與網路諮商意願、生活適應問題接受網路諮商意願之關係；性別與匿名與否之交互作用；社會焦慮與匿名與否交互作用。 本研究受試者透過網路收集，國內外各大學院校之大學生共484位（國內大學院校學生人，在國外唸書的中國學生人），男性大學生247位，女性大學生237位，所採用之工具為「網際網路使用行為問卷」、「互動焦慮量表」、「網路諮商方式意願調查表」、「生活適應問題接受網路諮商意願調查表」四種。研究中所採用之統計方法包括皮爾森積差相關、多變量變異數分析、典型相關。 本研究之主要結果如下： 一、大學生上網找尋資料、閱讀文章或發表文章的頻率以每天一次以上的人數最多（64.9％），上網與他人交談或寄信回信的頻率，以每天一次以上的頻率最高（48.8％）。每次上網找尋資料、閱讀文章或發表文章的時間，以每次一小時至一小時59分最多（42.1％）。每次上網與他人交談或寄信回信的使用時間，以每次一小時以下最多（45.7％）。對整體網際網路使用滿意度上，逾半數表示滿意，各項網際網路功能中，E-mail、WWW、BBS為大學生的最愛。 二、男性大學生的網際網路使用率高於女性大學生。在每次上網找尋資料、閱讀文章、發表文章、與他人交談、寄信回信的使用時間上，女性大學生平均使用時間皆高於男性大學生。整體網際網路使用經驗滿意度，女性大學生高於男性大學生。 三、全體大學生在面對權威人物與陌生情境時，皆易感到社會焦慮，社會互動情境易覺得緊張、不自在。男性大學生在面對權威人物、陌生情境及社會互動情境焦慮，較女性大學生易有焦慮的情形。 四、不匿名網路諮商與需要見面網路諮商，大學生接受意願最低。匿名且不需見面網路諮商，男女大學生接受度最高。不匿名且需要見面網路諮商，接受度最低。需要見面網路諮商在匿名與不匿名兩種情況下，男性大學生接受意願皆高於女性大學生。 五、大學生對生活與生涯適應問題，願意採取不匿名網路諮商，在性、愛、人際關係、家庭關係、身心困擾，皆傾向匿名網路諮商。男女大學生在生活與生涯適應，願意採取不匿名網路諮商，其餘皆傾向匿名網路諮商。 六、大學生網際網路使用行為的不同，並未在匿名情況下之網路諮商意願達到顯著差異。 七、大學生在網際網路使用次數、每次使用時間等各行為上的不同，在不匿名情況下之網路諮商意願，並未達到顯著差異，但對網路使用經驗滿意度高之大學生，對網路諮商的接受意願較高。 八、大學生在網際網路使用行為上的不同，在生活適應問題接受網路諮商意願上，並未達到顯著差異。 九、在匿名情況下，男性大學生在「需要見面網路諮商」的網路諮商意願上，較女性大學生有較高的意願。 十、在不匿名情況下，男性大學生在「需要見面網路諮商」的網路諮商意願上，較女性大學生有較高的意願。 十一、男性大學生在面臨「性、愛、人際關係」生活適應問題時，較女性大學生願意採取匿名的方式接受網路諮商。 十二、大學生的社會焦慮，匿名情況下，在接受網路諮商的意願上，並未有顯著正相關。 十三、越具有「權威人物與陌生情境焦慮」與「緊張彆扭」社會焦慮大學生，越不傾向接受，在不匿名情況下之「不需見面網路諮商」與「需要見面網路諮商」的網路諮商。 十四、大學生的社會焦慮，與生活適應問題接受網路諮商意願，並未有顯著的正相關。 十五、大學生的性別與匿名抑否未呈現顯著交互作用，匿名抑否達顯著差異。在「不需見面網路諮商」，大學生在接受網路諮商意願上，接受匿名方式的意願，高於不匿名方式。在「需要見面網路諮商」，大學生在接受網路諮商意願上，接受匿名方式的意願，高於不匿名方式。 十六、大學生的社會焦慮與匿名抑否未有顯著交互作用，匿名抑否達顯著性差異。在「不需見面網路諮商」，大學生在接受網路諮商意願上，接受匿名方式的意願，高於不匿名方式。在「需要見面網路諮商」，大學生在接受網路諮商意願上，接受匿名方式的意願，高於不匿名方式。 十七、全體大學生其性別、網際網路使用行為、社會焦慮、網路諮商意願、生活適應問題接受網路諮商意願之間，顯著的具有典型相關，較常使用Netmeeting的大學生，不論在匿名或不匿名情況下之「需要見面網路諮商」，有較高的接受意願，對「性、愛、人際關係」之生活適應問題，對網路諮商也有較高的接受度。 本研究根據上述結果加以討論，並提出若干建議以供未來研究及教育與輔導工作之參考。