This research presents the initial studies and results on shield design for Shape-Shifting Surfaces (SSSs) seeking maximum compression and maximum expansion of a unit-cell. Shape-Shifting Surfaces (SSSs) are multilayered surfaces that are able to change shape while maintaining their integrity as physical barriers. SSSs are composed of polygonal unit-cells, which can change side lengths and corner angles. These changes are made possible by each side and corner consisting of at least two different shields, or layers of material. As the layers undergo relative motion, the unit-cell changes shape. In order for the SSS to retain its effectiveness as a barrier, no gaps can open between different layers. Also, the layers cannot protrude past the boundaries of the unit-cell. Based on these requirements, using equilateral triangle unit-cells and triangular shields, a design space exploration was performed to determine the maximum deformation range of a unit-cell. It was found that the triangular shield that offered maximum expansion and compression ratio is a right triangle with one angle of 37.5 degrees and its adjacent side equal to 61% of the side of the unit-cell. The key contribution of this paper is a first algorithm for systematic SSS shield design. Possible applications for SSSs include protection, by creating body-armor systems; reconfigurable antennas able to broadcast through different frequencies; recreational uses, and biomedical applications.

Additive mechatronische Systeme (AMS) sind geeignet, die Funktionalität von Werkzeugmaschinen (WZM) zu verbessern. Die Vielfalt und Redundanz der entwickelten Lösungen erschwert jedoch die optimale Berücksichtigung von AMS im frühzeitigen Entwicklungsprozess von WZM. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine Vorgehensweise aufgezeigt, den möglichen Lösungsraum schon frühzeitig einzugrenzen und damit zielführende Lösungen effektiv zu kanalisieren. Hierfür werden im ersten Schritt Funktionalitätsgrenzen von WZM bewertet. Danach erfolgt die Definition von AMS-Funktionsprinzipien und eines geeigneten Beschreibungsansatzes, um daraus allgemeine Eingriffsstrategien für AMS in WZM abzuleiten und vergleichend zu bewerten. Abschließend werden die Auswirkungen der vorgeschlagenen Vorgehensweise auf den Entwicklungsprozess von WZM diskutiert. Anhand dreier Anwendungsbeispiele werden die erarbeiteten Vorgehensweisen und Werkzeuge validiert und Grenzen aufgezeigt. / Additive mechatronic systems (AMS) are suitable for improving the functionality of machine tools. However, the variety and redundancy of the solutions developed make it difficult to optimally take AMS into account in the early development process of machine tools. In the present work a procedure is shown to limit the possible solution space and thus to identify effective solutions at an early stage. For this purpose, the functional limits of machine tools are assessed in the first step. This is followed by the definition of AMS functional principles and a suitable description approach in order to derive general intervention strategies for AMS in machine tools and to evaluate them comparatively. Finally, the effects of the proposed procedure on the development process of machine tools are discussed. Using three application examples, the developed procedures and tools are validated and limits are shown.