Thesis--Utrecht, 1945. / Bibliography: p. [501]-510.

Proefschrift--Leyden. / Bibliography: p. 126-132.

Thesis--Universitas Airlangga. / "Dalil-dalil" (2 leaves) inserted. Includes bibliographical references (p. 237-251) and index.

Habilitationsschrift--Heidelberg, 1969. / Summary in English. Bibliography: p. 296-302.

Proefschrift--Leiden. / "Alphabetische lijst van afkortingen der bronnen": p.[274] 278.

Proefschrift--Leiden. / "Alphabetische lijst van afkortingen der bronnen": p.[274] 278.

Thesis (doctoral)--Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden, 1948. / "Stellingen" (1 leaf) inserted. Includes bibliographical references.

While much has been written on the relationship between Islamic law and customary law in Muslim countries, for the most part, the literature reflects the conflict approach. To date, this methodological framework persists as most Western Islamicists continue to view the encounter between the two legal systems as conflict ridden. This thesis is an attempt to re-evaluate this entrenched paradigm. / By utilising the principles of Islamic legal methodology (usul al-fiqh) in conjunction with legal and socio-political approaches, this study seeks to shed new analytical light on the encounter of Islamic law with adat law (customary law) in Indonesia. The two legal systems, it is argued, have a shared existence long pre-dating the intervention of the colonial powers in Indonesian legal affairs, which speaks of accommodation and coexistence. In what is both a syncretic and a purist society, Indonesians have successfully harmonized the two legal traditions such that compromise and derivative solutions, based upon elements from both legal systems, have often been attained. In post-colonial Indonesia, the dialogue between the two sets of laws persists today as the tradition of avoiding conflict in legal resolution continues uninterrupted by the flux in legal policy from colonial to national rule. Family law in particular illustrates the endurance of such a phenomenon in the current period. Three cases--conditional repudiation, common property in marriage and obligatory bequest--are discussed as models of the two substantive legal systems working jointly to construct a new legal entity. The conciliatory exchange between Islamic and customary law in Indonesia refutes therefore the paradigm by which the two legal systems are posited as irreconcilable.

<p>A-to-I mRNA editing is an important co- or post-transcriptional event that can recode the heredity information through adenosine deaminase. It is mediated by <u>a</u>denosine <u>d</u>e<u>a</u>minases <u>a</u>cting on <u>R</u>NA (ADAR) in animals. Due to the lack of ADAR orthologs, yeast and filamentous fungi are assumed to have no A-to-I mRNA editing. However, genome-wide A-to-I mRNA editing was discovered in the plant pathogenic fungus <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> that occurs specifically during sexual reproduction in 2016. In a previous study all the predicted adenosine/cytosine deaminase genes except <i>FgTAD2 </i>and <i>FgTAD3</i>, the orthologs of yeast <i>TAD2 </i>and <i>TAD3</i>, were found to be dispensable for A-to-I mRNA editing in <i>F. graminearum</i>. <i>TAD2</i> and <i>TAD3</i> encode ADATs (<u>a</u>denosine <u>d</u>e<u>a</u>minase acting on <u>t</u>RNA) that mediate A-to-I editing at A34 of tRNA. In this study, <i>FgTAD2</i> was found to have two isoforms based on RNA-seq analysis. Whereas the longer isoform was predominant during vegetative growth, the expression of the short one was significantly increase and likely acts as the major isoform during sexual stage. Because deletion of <i>FgTAD2</i> appeared to be lethal, the RIP (<u>r</u>epeat-<u>i</u>nduced <u>p</u>oint mutation) approach was used to generate point mutations. A total of 16 RIP mutations were identified in <i>FgTAD2</i>after sequencing analysis with 8 ascospore progeny that were normal in vegetative growth but defective in sexual reproduction. Two of them were verified by introducing specific point mutations into the endogenous <i>FgTAD2</i> allele in the wild-type strain. In addition to genetic approaches, we developed an <i>in vitro</i> assay to detect the deaminase activity of FgTad2. The FgTad2 protein complex purified from perithecia formed by transformants of <i>F. graminearum</i> expressing FgTad2-6xHis by immunoprecipitation was found to catalyze A-to-I editing in a mRNA substrate. Like yeast Tad3, FgTad3 has the E to V mutation in its catalytic core that likely abolishes its ADAT activity but it forms heterodimers with FgTad2 based on co-immunoprecipitation assays. Because <i>FgTAD2</i> and <i>FgTAD3</i> were constitutively expressed and the FgTad2/FgTad3 protein complex purified from vegetative hyphae had no A-to-I RNA editing activity in <i>in vitro</i> assays, it is likely that stage-specific co-factors present in perithecia interact with FgTad2/FgTad3 ADATs (lack of RNA binding domains) and enable the editing of mRNA. Affinity purification and mass spectrometry were conducted with the FgTad2-S-tag and FgTad3-S-tag transformants. Among the putative FgTad2- and FgTad3-interacting proteins, Gad1 was confirmed to interact with FgTad2 specifically during sexual reproduction. Surprisingly, both the number of editing sites and editing levels were increased in the <i>gad1</i> mutant, indicating that Gad1 affects A-to-I mRNA editing in a negative way. Overall, genetic studies and <i>in vitro</i> assays showed that FgTad2, possibly together with FgTad3, is responsible for A-to-I mRNA editing. Proteins co-immunoprecipitated with FgTad2 likely contains co-factors interacting with FgTad2/FgTad3 for stage-specific A-to-I mRNA by these two ADATs in <i>F. graminearum</i>. </p>

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(地域研究) / 甲第20493号 / 地博第212号 / 新制||地||76(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院アジア・アフリカ地域研究研究科東南アジア地域研究専攻 / (主査)教授 岡本 正明, 教授 水野 広祐, 教授 藤倉 達郎 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Area Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM