The primary goal of the thesis is to provide a comprehensive overview of legislation that concerns disciplinary offences. The thesis is mainly informative and descriptive. This structure seemed most suitable due to the complexity of the legislation regarding this topic. The thesis is divided into twelve sections. The introduction is followed by chapters on general theoretical description of the legislation. A particular attention is paid to an analysis of administrative offences and includes a salient passage that describes the distinction between administrative offences and criminal offences. The theoretical introduction also constitutes of a section focused on administrative punishment and the principles that may have an impact on it to the extent of judicial punishment. One part of the introduction also shows the deficiencies in administrative punishment which inevitably result from a rather complicated structure of this legislation. The fourth chapter is focused on administrative disciplinary offences in greater detail. Aside from a concise analysis of the superordinate term disciplinary offence, this part also addresses procedural adjustment of disciplinary proceedings and general features of disciplinary liability. The fifth chapter reflects the influence of European law on the legislation and...

The presented thesis refers to the administrative transgressions against the safety and smooth traffic flow on highways. This is very actual topic currently, because everybody meets with these administrative transgressions in his life. The thesis is composed of seven chapters. The first chapter introduce us with the history of legislation in the period from the formation of the Czechoslovak republic in 1918 to the presence. The following chapter describes relevant legislation. This chapter contains general regulation of liability for transgressions, as well as discusses the constituent elements of transgressions and ends with characteristic of the constituent elements defined by the Law of highway traffic. In the third chapter, I focused on the comparison of transgressions and crimes. First I compared the general arrangement for liability for crimes and transgressions. Furthermore, I have listed which crimes could be committed in connection with the highway traffic, and then I looked on, in my opinion, mostly committed crimes. The fourth chapter deals with the sanctions that may be imposed for transgressions. The rules on penalties are prescribed by Law of transgressions; the specific amount of sanctions is set by the Law of highway traffic. The administrative transgressions against the safety and smooth...

Sanctions for administrative delicts and protective measures Abstract The focus of this thesis is on the phenomenon of administrative punishment. Its purpose is to summarize certain important aspects connected with the imposing of administrative sanctions and to present the classification of administrative sanctions. Thesis is bases on the current doctrine of administrative law and judicial decisions of administrative courts. It characterizes terms of sanction and punishment as understood by law and particularly in the sphere of administrative law, with notion to differences between court and administrative crimes. Thesis further analyses administrative punishment based on its purpose and summarizes the theoretical concepts, which are attributable to the purpose of punishment in criminal and subsequently in administrative law. It identifies preventive and repressive functions of administrative punishments as two most widely applicable functions. Classification of administrative punishment is described and assessed. This classification is based on the classification of administrative crimes. Sanctions connected to each kind of administrative crimes are mentioned. As the most common administrative sanction is fine, therefore most attention is focused on this sanction. Thesis also mentions some of legal...

- English This paper is focused on new legal institute, starting to grow and practised relatively very late, during the period of the socialist regime. Such institute is new, but nowadays has grown to substantial dimensions which is connected not only with the practical point of view, but also with the development of the society and economics. Very similar development can be observed also in other law cultures; the administrative penalty has everywhere the rising intensity, also in Anglo-American law, both in law in books, as well as in law in action. Our law order has the traditional classification of such institute to Administrative Law, not Criminal Law. Such classification has its advantages, but also disadvantages - as advantage it is very easy to apply the law in books, relatively free procedural law, effectiveness and speed of the punishment. As disadvantage it is the absence of guaranty of fundamental righst of defendant (offender), unsufficient observation of the facts of liability, a quantity of specific law rules organized by every ministry, and moreover very poor catalogue of administrative punishment. With the respect of such deficiency of this part of Administrative Punishment this paper is prepared with the traditional point of view of the Criminal Law concentrated on the particular...

This thesis deals with selected issues of illegal work and its punishment, especially in terms of administrative offences. It focuses, in particular, on terminology related to illegal work, inspection activities of the labour inspection office and punishment of illegal work in administrative proceedings. The main reason why I have selected this topic is because I have been interested in labour law ever since I was studying it as a compulsory subject. There is a broad range of topics to choose from in labour law, but I have chosen the area of illegal work because of my previous experience from working in regional inspectorate of the State Labour Inspection Office, based in Ústí nad Labem, as this topic falls into its scope of authority. The main goal of this thesis is to provide a theoretical definition of illegal work, to describe the inspection procedure of employers and administrative procedure regarding the inspected entities. Furthermore, one of the goals of this thesis is to point out certain deficiency in current legal framework, especially regarding practical problems with the application of law. The prologue introduces the topic of illegal work, defines structure of this thesis and its mains goals. The thesis itself is then divided into four chapters. The first chapter focuses on dependent...

Administrative infractions in construction law Abstract The diploma thesis entitled "Administrative infractions in construction law" focuses on the law of administrative infractions and the specifics of the basic facts of administrative infractions in the field of construction law. The diploma thesis is divided into two parts, namely the general part and the special part. The general part of the thesis aims to introduce the basics of the law of administrative infraction - it consists of the definition of the concept of an administrative infraction and analyses of its basic attributes, the definition of the conditions of liability of individuals, legal entities, and enterprising individuals in administrative infractions and introduction of the issue of administrative penalties, their functions, principles, and basic principles and aspects of their imposition with a closer focus on the administrative penalty of the fine and the principles of determining its amount, for the fine is an administrative penalty that is imposed for administrative infractions under the Building Act. The special part of the diploma thesis addresses the introduction of the system of administrative infractions in the Building Act and includes a thorough analysis of the facts of administrative infractions under the Building Act with...

Background - The thesis deals with the topic of committing misdemeanors related to addictive substances. It focuses on primary and secondary misdemeanors, in particular in the areas of public order, cohabitation, property, health protection from harmful substances and others, sometimes also called "general misdemeanors". A systematic collection of information on this issue is only carried out for some primary misdemeanors, and systematic data collection is not available for secondary misdemeanors. Objectives - The aim of this work is to provide information on the rate of committing misdemeanors in relation to addictive substances, i.e. primary and secondary, and knowledge of the occurence and frequency of specific misdemeanors of this issue. Methods - The research part was conceived as a pilot study. For the purposes of the research, the data were obtained through a content analysis of the files kept at the misdemeanor department of the City of Liberec. In the sample, the method of deliberate selection included files that met the basic criteria, namely that the offender committed an offense in connection with an addictive substance, either under its influence or for its action or against drug legislation, or can be assigned to a group of primary or secondary misdemeanors. Data was evaluated in...

Il existe un lien indéfectible entre l’impôt et la fraude fiscale. Étant donné que cette dernière peut causer un préjudice considérable au Trésor public et entraîner d’autres conséquences sérieuses, la lutte contre ce phénomène constitue depuis toujours une des préoccupations majeures du gouvernement pour tous les pays. En effet, la lutte contre la fraude fiscale est un sujet très étendu. De nombreux facteurs influent sur l’efficacité de cette lutte. Mais entre eux, la répression joue sans aucun doute un rôle essentiel, puisque la peur d’être pris et la peur d’être puni jouent un rôle non négligeable dans la propension à frauder le fisc. Ainsi, pour renforcer l’efficacité de la lutte contre ce phénomène illicite, il est nécessaire de faire une étude de sa répression. En Chine, depuis que le système économique s’est développé graduellement en passant de l’économie planifiée extrêmement centralisée à l’économie de marché, le phénomène de la fraude fiscale s’aggrave rapidement. Par conséquent, ces vingt dernières années, le gouvernement chinois durcit progressivement sa politique de lutte contre la fraude fiscale et le législateur chinois porte une attention plus particulière à la législation à cet égard. Beaucoup d’efforts ont été faits. Néanmoins, le système de répression de la fraude fiscale actuellement en vigueur en Chine présente encore des problèmes affectant l’efficacité de la lutte contre la fraude fiscale. À cet effet, il convient d’identifier les problèmes existants dans le système actuel et de voir s’il est possible de trouver des solutions permettant d’améliorer l’efficacité de la répression de la fraude fiscale en droit chinois / Since taxes were invented, there is always an attempt to avoid paying taxes. In other words, there is an unbreakable link between taxation and tax evasion. Due to the fact that tax evasion can cause considerable damage to the National treasury et produce other serious consequences, the fight against this phenomenon is always a major concern of government for all countries. Indeed, the fight against tax evasion is a very broad subject. Many factors influence the effectiveness of this fight. But among these factors, punishment undoubtedly plays a major role. Because the fear of being caught and the fear of being punished play a significant role in the propensity to avoid taxes. Thus, to improve the effectiveness of the fight against this illicit phenomenon, it is important to study the penalty for tax evasion. In China, since the economic system has developed gradually from a highly centralized planned economy to a market economy, the phenomenon of tax evasion gets worse rapidly. Therefore, in the last twenty years, the Chinese government gradually hardens its policy to fight against tax evasion and pays more attention to legislation in this regard. Much effort has been made. Nevertheless, the Chinese system of repression of tax evasion still presents many problems affecting the effectiveness of the fight against tax evasion. To this end, it is necessary to identify existing problems in the current system and see if it is possible to find out some solutions to improve the efficiency of repression

The thesis deals with the nature of the decision-making of the Office for the Protection of Competition (hereinafter "the OPP") in the area of public procurement. The theoretical part describes the various methods used, the legislative framework for the decision-making processes of the OPP (from the point of view of the currently effective legislation and the new Act on public procurement), and summarizes theoretical assumptions. In the analytical part, selected decisions of the OPP from the years 2005-2015 are analysed, using descriptive and interferential statistical methods. In terms of the subject matter, the OPP most often conducts proceedings in relation to complaints against alleged violation of the prohibition of discriminatory practices. Decisions of the OPP are challenged before administrative courts in only 4% of cases, in spite of the fact that contracting authorities are found guilty of committing an administrative offense in almost 80% of the cases. Commonly imposed penalties are fines. The trend of decisions on guilt, as well as the imposition of fines, is growing, however, the level of fines remains unchanged. A contracting authority which awards a public works contract is more likely to be found guilty than a contracting authority awarding other public contracts. It is also more...