The goal of the diploma thesis is comparison between vegetarianism and healthy lifestyle of adolescents. The theoretical part is focused on related bibliography. The vegetarianism is described from its beginning to nowadays. Also the phenomenon of healthy lifestyle and characteristics of important stage of life {--} adolescent are described. The second part is focused on the comparison itself. Comparison was performed on questionnaire placed on websites. Obtained data were statistically analysed by Statistica 7 and WEKA applications. Results from both methods proved that non-vegetarians part of population consume more alcohol and smokes more than the vegetarians part of population.

This research examined the psychosocial factors influencing physical activity and fruit and vegetable intake behaviour, intentions and health cognitions in secondary school children in the United Arab Emirates. Study 1 examined the prediction of Theory of Planned Behaviour (Ajzen, 1991) and Prototype/Willingness Model (Gibbons and Gerrard, 1995) on behaviour, intentions and cognitions in 536 secondary school students. Findings indicated that attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control and prototype perceptions accounted for a significant proportion of behavioural intentions, after controlling for parental behaviour. Prototype variables, especially similarity, improved the predicting validity of the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Some differences between age and gender were noted. Prototype similarity appeared to be the strongest predictor of behavioural intentions out of the prototype measures. Study 2 tested the effectiveness of an action planning intervention (Gollwitzer, 1993) and image intervention (Gibbons and Gerrard,1995) in 188 secondary school students. A longitudinal design was employed collecting data over 6 months measuring behaviour, behavioural interventions and components from the Theory of Planned Behaviour and Prototype/Willingness Model. Participants in the action‐planning group were asked to form specific implementation intentions of physical activity and fruitand vegetable intake. Participants in the image group were asked to consider favourable behaviour specific prototype and describe them. Findings revealed no significant intervention effects on intentions or behaviour. Some significant effects were seen on health cognitions across time points and conditions. Study 3 explored knowledge, outcome expectations, facilitators and social modelling, drawing from Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura, 1986) by conducting 8 semistructured focus group interviews (N=40). Emerging themes were: ‘Knowledge of physical activity’, ‘Impact on health, wellbeing and physical appearance’, ‘Having fun together’, ‘Important role models’ ‘Knowledge of healthy eating’, ‘Physical and psychological rewards’, ‘Availability and appearance’ and ‘Sometimes yummy and sometimes yucky’. Findings highlighted enjoyment and social factors as strong influences of physical activity and fruit and vegetable intake. The overall findings provided some evidence for future implications and further quantitative and qualitative approaches were recommended to further establish the influential factors of children’s healthy eating and physical activity habits in the Middle East.

Bibliografický záznam ŠÍP, Michal. Vztah občanské participace a hédonistického životního způsobu u mladistvých. Praha: Karlova univerzita, Fakulta sociálních věd, Institut sociologických studií, 2015. 133 stran, Vedoucí diplomové práce Doc. PhDr. Pavol Frič, Ph.D. Anotace Diplomová práce "Vztah občanské participace a hédonistického životního způsobu u mladistvých" zkoumá, do jaké míry je oprávněné hledat příčinu nízké hodnoty občanské participace mladistvých v hédonistickém životním způsobu. Participativní chování poskytuje mladistvým prostor pro psychosociální rozvoj, podporuje jejich demokratický kapitál a též artikulační možnosti vnášet vlastní agendu do veřejného prostoru. Dá se předpokládat, že vzhledem k demografickému vývoji české společnosti bude potřeba participace mladistvých stále více žádaná. Pro implementaci účinných veřejně politických nástrojů k řešení této situace je důležitá znalost participativního chování mladistvých i jejich motivace, hodnotové orientace a sociálních potřeb. V teoretické části práce jsou proto představeny jednotlivé perspektivy zkoumání občanské participace a hédonistického chování. Práce pracuje se dvěma hypotézami. První hypotéza předpokládá, že hédonistický životní způsob produkuje takové vzorce chování a hodnotovou orientaci, které jsou v principielním rozporu s...

Child and adolescent mood and anxiety symptoms are common and debilitating, with long-term effects on well-being. Research presented in this thesis examines interpersonal cognitive factors in the emergence of anxious and depressive symptoms in late childhood through to early adulthood. The thesis considers this issue using three main approaches. For the first, data are presented showing that biases in the appraisals of social situations are the aspects of interpersonal cognition most closely associated with emotional symptoms. For the second, longitudinal twin data are used to examine genetic and environmental origins of these interpersonal cognitive biases and their temporal prediction of symptoms across a 2-year period. Data show that interpersonal cognitive factors are strongly influenced by non-shared environmental factors, and moreover, predict symptoms across time. The final section of the thesis comprises four studies using Cognitive Bias Modification of Interpretations (CBM-I) training methodology to show that both positive and negative interpretive biases for interpersonal information can be induced in adolescents. Positive biases are shown to persist for at least 24 hours after training, and induced positive and negative biases are shown to differentially predict anxious responses to an experimental stressor. Evidence is also provided to suggest that effects following training positive interpretive biases may transfer to other cognitive measures, namely appraisals of ambiguous emotional faces. Finally, data tentatively show that CBM-I training may be useful in reducing negative interpretations of interpersonal information made by 11-year-old children undergoing the transition to secondary school. In summary, studies in this thesis support the contribution of cognitive biases to mood and anxiety symptoms in childhood and adolescence. They further extend this knowledge by suggesting that these reflect individual-specific (non-shared) environmental risks to predict symptoms across time. These biases may also be amenable to change through training interventions, with some - albeit weak - effects on other cognitive outcomes.

The diploma work in its theoretical part is concerned with the parental authority in the difficult period of adolescence. The first chapter defines the term of authority. To clarify it, individual types of authorities are described and further on, the parental authority is dealt with in detail. Most attention is paid to what affects formation of parental authority the most and in what ways this authority can be kept. The second chapter characterizes adolescence as a very difficult period in the life of every individual. At this stage a man becomes independent. Also, attitudes towards values, morals and authorities are formed, and/or the existing attitudes are changed. The third chapter concentrates on emotional bond. In the beginning I characterize individual types of emotional bonds, aspects of their origin and subsequent changes during the period of adolescence. The emotional bond influences quality of other emotional relations and is related to the stability of the parental educational effect during the whole period of education. The fourth chapter focuses on the educational method in family, which is based on the parent-child emotional relation. Another important factor is educational guidance. Individual types of educational methods in family are described here in detail. From this description it is...

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Depression in African American (AA) adolescents is a prevalent mental health problem, can result in serious concurrent and long-term effects, and is associated with health disparities due to underutilization of mental health services. Initiatives to reduce disparities among depressed AA adolescents require a greater understanding of the experience of depression from their own point of view. The purpose of this dissertation was to generate a comprehensive theoretical framework that describes how AA adolescents experience depression throughout adolescence. The information gained about how AA adolescents understand and manage depressive symptoms, and in some cases seek and use mental health services will contribute to initiatives to reduce behavioral health disparities. This dissertation project was composed of two components. The first component was an integrative review of studies that explored associations between adolescent coping responses and depression. The integrative review summarized and integrated research from the past ten years that examined coping techniques of depressed adolescents. It revealed that the use of active coping strategies plays an important role in recovery from depression. The second component was a grounded theory study which included a sample of 22 community-based AA young adults (ages 18-21) and 5 clinic-based AA adolescents (ages 13-17). During semi-structured interviews, participants described their experiences with depression as adolescents. In addition, a timeline was constructed that included major events related to the unfolding of depression, including treatment seeking, which occurred during adolescence. Data generated from the grounded theory study were analyzed and resulted in two qualitatively derived products. The first is a typology titled Being With Others that depicts interaction patterns of depressed AA adolescents with people in their lives. The five categories in the typology are keeping others at bay, striking out at others, seeking help from others, joining in with others, and having others reach out. The second product is a theoretical framework titled Weathering through the Storm that describes how depression in AA adolescents unfolds over time. The five phases of the framework are labeled enduring stormy weather, braving the storm alone, struggling with the storm, finding shelter in the storm, and moving out of the storm.

Title of the thesis: Mapping the lifestyle of 16-17-year-olds in Neratovice. Aim of the study: The thesis surveys the components of the lifestyle of young people in the Neratovice region, in the hope of influencing the state of health of the age group of 16-17 years. Method: The work is based on a sociological survey conducted in 2012 at two schools with different forms of tuition - a grammar school (gymnázium) and a vocational school (učiliště) in Neratovice. The research method was a poll. The polling had two stages: two pilot surveys on a sample of 149 respondents, and a study of 174 respondents. The final data were analyzed with respect to gender and the type of school using the Mann- Whitney U test. The survey questions were based on the questionnaire CAV 2001 for youth and the questionnaire "Determinanty účasti na cvičení" (University of Tasmania - FTK UP Olomouc). Results: The results of the survey show that boys are doing significantly better in physical activity (PA) and girls in physical inactivity (PI) and diet. Grammar school students are doing better in PA and they have a significantly better diet than vocational school students. As for PI, the results were similar for both groups. In terms of PA, 38% of boys and almost 75% of girls do not meet the current minimum levels of PA. As...