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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Ensaios de tratabilidade aplicados a determina??o de par?metros para dimensionamento de processos de tratamento de ?gua de manancial eutrofizado

Eust?quio, Hugo Mozer Barros 17 December 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:03:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HugoMBE_DISSERT.pdf: 3011454 bytes, checksum: f02eedee61c0464777dbee026e3a93cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-17 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Eutrophication is a growing process present in the water sources located in the northeast of Brazil. Among the main consequences of these changes in trophic levels of a water source, stands out adding complexity to the treatment to achieve water standards. By these considerations, this study aimed to define, on a laboratory scale, products and operational conditions to be applied in the processing steps using raw water from Gargalheiras dam, RN, Brazil. The dam mentioned shows a high number of cyanobacteria, with a concentration of cells / ml higher than that established by Decree No. 518/04 MS. The same source was also considered by the state environmental agency in 2009 as hypereutrophic. The static tests developed in this research simulated direct filtration (laboratory filters) and pre-oxidation with chlorine and powdered activated carbon adsorption. The research included the evaluation of the coagulants aluminum hydrochloride (HCA) and alum (SA). The development of the research investigated the conditions for rapid mixing, the dosages of coagulants and pHs of coagulation by the drawing of diagrams. The interference of filtration rate and particle size of filtering means were evaluated as samples and the time of contact were tested with chlorine and activated carbon. By the results of the characterization of the raw water source it was possible to identify the presence of a high pH (7.34). The true color was significant (29 uH) in relation to the apparent color and turbidity (66 uH and 13.60 NTU), reflecting in the measurement of organic matter: MON (8.41 mg.L-1) and Abs254 (0.065 cm-1). The optimization of quick mix set time of 17", the speed gradient of 700 s-1 in the coagulation with HCA and the time of 20" with speed gradient of 800 s-1 for SA. The smaller particle sizes of sand filtering means helped the treatment and the variation in filtration rate did not affect significantly the efficiency of the process. The evaluation of the processing steps found adjustment in standard color and turbidity of the Decree n? 518/04 MS, taking in consideration the average values found in raw water. In the treatment using the HCA for direct filtration the palatable pattern based on the apparent color can be achieved with a dose of 25 mg L-1. With the addition of pre-oxidation step, the standard result was achieved with a reduced dose for 12 mgHCA.L-1. The turbidity standard for water was obtained by direct filtration when the dose exceeds 25 mg L-1 of HCA. With pre-oxidation step there is the possibility of reducing the dose to 20 mg L-1.The addition of CAP adsorption, promoted drinking water for both parameters, with even lower dosage, 13 mg L-1 of HCA. With coagulation using SA removal required for the parameter of apparent color it was achieved with pre-oxidation and 22 mgSA.L-1. Despite the satisfactory results of treatment with the alum, it was not possible to provide water with turbidity less than 1.00 NTU even with the use of all stages of treatment / A eutrofiza??o ? um processo cada vez mais presente nos mananciais situados no nordeste brasileiro. Entre as principais conseq??ncias destas altera??es nos n?veis tr?ficos da ?gua de um manancial destaca-se o acr?scimo de complexidade ao tratamento para potabiliza??o. Mediante a estas considera??es, este trabalho teve como objetivo definir, em escala de laborat?rio, produtos e condi??es operacionais a serem empregadas em etapas de tratamento utilizando ?gua bruta do a?ude Gargalheira, RN, Brasil. O a?ude em quest?o demonstra um n?mero de cianobact?rias elevado, apresentando uma concentra??o de c?lulas/ml superior aos n?veis estabelecidos pela Portaria MS n? 518/04. O mesmo, ainda foi considerado pelo ?rg?o ambiental do estado no ano de 2009 como hipereutr?fico. Os ensaios est?ticos desenvolvidos neste trabalho simularam filtra??o direta (filtros de laborat?rio), pr?oxida??o com cloro e adsor??o por carv?o ativado pulverizado. Foram avaliados os coagulantes hidr?xicloreto de alum?nio (HCA) e sulfato de alum?nio granulado (SA). O desenvolvimento da pesquisa buscou otimiza??o das condi??es de mistura r?pida, das dosagens de coagulantes e pHs de coagula??o com a constru??o de diagramas. As interfer?ncias da taxa de filtra??o e a granulometria do meio filtrante foram avaliadas e testaram-se dosagens e tempos de contato com cloro e com o carv?o ativado. Com os resultados da caracteriza??o da ?gua bruta foi poss?vel identificar no manancial a presen?a de um pH elevado (7,34). A cor verdadeira foi significativa (29 uH) em rela??o ? cor aparente e turbidez (66 uH e 13,60 uNT), refletindo-se nas medidas de mat?ria org?nica: MON (8,41 mg.L-1) e Abs254 (0,065 cm-1). A otimiza??o da mistura r?pida definiu o tempo de 17 , gradiente de velocidade de 700 s-1 na coagula??o com HCA e tempo de 20 , gradiente de velocidade de 800 s-1 para o SA. Granulometrias menores da areia do meio filtrante favoreceram o tratamento e a varia??o na taxa de filtra??o n?o interferiu de forma significativa na efici?ncia do processo. A avalia??o das etapas de tratamento verificou a adequa??o aos padr?es de cor aparente e turbidez da Portaria MS 518/2004 tomando como base os valores m?dios encontrados na ?gua bruta. No tratamento utilizando o HCA por filtra??o direta, a potabilidade para a cor aparente pode ser atingida com uma dosagem de 25 mg.L-1. Adicionando a etapa de pr?oxida??o o padr?o foi atingido com dosagem reduzida para 12 mgHCA.L-1. Para a turbidez a potabilidade foi obtida na filtra??o direta quando a dosagem supera 25 mg.L-1 de HCA. Com etapa de pr?oxida??o h? a possibilidade de redu??o da dosagem para 20 mg.L-1 de coagulante. O acr?scimo da adsor??o em CAP, promoveu a potabilidade para os dois par?metros, com dosagem ainda menor, 13 mg.L-1 de HCA. Coagulando com SA a remo??o necess?ria para o par?metro de cor aparente foi atingida com pr?oxida??o e dosagem de 22 mgSA.L-1. Apesar de apresentar bons resultados o tratamento com o sulfato de alum?nio n?o foi capaz de fornecer ?gua com turbidez menor que 1,00 uNT mesmo com a utiliza??o de todas as etapas de tratamento

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