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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Imageamento digital de paleocavernas colapsadas com georadar

Jesus, Thales Eduardo Silva de 27 April 2012 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:08:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ThalesESJ_DISSERT.pdf: 669387 bytes, checksum: 33a20d208304804215535ed96770330f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-27 / In this study, the methodological procedures involved in digital imaging of collapsed paleocaves in tufa using GPR are presented. These carbonate deposits occur in the Quixer? region, Cear? State (NE Brazil), on the western border of the Potiguar Basin. Collapsed paleocaves are exposed along a state road, which were selected to this study. We chose a portion of the called Quixer? outcrop for making a photomosaic and caring out a GPR test section to compare and parameterize the karst geometries on the geophysical line. The results were satisfactory and led to the adoption of criteria for the interpretation of others GPR sections acquired in the region of the Quixer? outcrop. Two grids of GPR lines were acquired; the first one was wider and more spaced and guided the location of the second grid, denser and located in the southern part of the outcrop. The radargrams of the second grid reveal satisfactorily the collapsed paleocaves geometries. For each grid has been developed a digital solid model of the Quixer? outcrop. The first model allows the recognition of the general distribution and location of collapsed paleocaves in tufa deposits, while the second more detailed digital model provides not only the 3D individualization of the major paleocaves, but also the estimation of their respective volumes. The digital solid models are presented here as a new frontier in the study of analog outcrops to reservoirs (for groundwater and hydrocarbon), in which the volumetric parameterization and characterization of geological bodies become essential for composing the databases, which together with petrophysical properties information, are used in more realistic computer simulations for sedimentary reservoirs. / Nesse trabalho s?o apresentados os procedimentos metodol?gicos envolvidos no imageamento digital de paleocavernas colapsadas em tufas carbon?ticas que ocorrem na borda oeste da Bacia Potiguar com GPR. Foi mapeada uma ?rea em Quixer? (CE) e selecionado um afloramento em um corte de estrada, denominado de Afloramento Quixer?. Foi escolhida uma por??o deste afloramento para confec??o de um fotomosaico e levantamento de uma se??o-teste com o GPR para a compara??o e parametriza??o das geometrias c?rsticas aflorantes e imageadas na linha geof?sica. Os resultados foram satisfat?rios e permitiram a ado??o de crit?rios para a interpreta??o das paleocavernas colapsadas em outras se??es GPR, levantadas na regi?o do afloramento. Foram adquiridas duas malhas de linhas GPR, a primeira mais ampla e espa?ada norteou a loca??o da segunda, mais adensada, na por??o sul do Afloramento Quixer?. Nos radargramas foram interpretadas e parametrizadas as geometrias das principais paleocavernas colapsadas. Para cada malha foi elaborado um modelo de s?lido digital do Afloramento Quixer?, sendo que o primeiro modelo permitiu o reconhecimento da distribui??o geral das tufas e a localiza??o das paleocavernas colapsadas, enquanto o segundo modelo digital, por ser mais detalhado, possibilitou n?o apenas a individualiza??o 3D das principais paleocavernas, mas tamb?m o c?lculo dos seus respectivos volumes. Os modelos de s?lidos digitais s?o aqui apresentados como uma nova fronteira no estudo de afloramentos an?logos a reservat?rios (h?dricos ou petrol?feros), na qual a parametriza??o e a caracteriza??o volum?trica dos corpos geol?gicos passam a ser fundamental para compor bancos de dados, que conjuntamente com informa??es de propriedades petrof?sicas s?o utilizados em simula??es computacionais mais real?sticas de reservat?rios.
2

Proposta metodol?gica para o imageamento, caracteriza??o, parametriza??o e gera??o de modelos virtuais de afloramentos

Souza, Anderson de Medeiros 31 January 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-24T19:48:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AndersonMS_TESE_inicio_pag69.pdf: 4445825 bytes, checksum: 1053632581a0015bab09d4146df22458 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-01-31 / Petr?leo Brasileiro SA - PETROBRAS / The aim of this work was to describe the methodological procedures that were mandatory to develop a 3D digital imaging of the external and internal geometry of the analogue outcrops from reservoirs and to build a Virtual Outcrop Model (VOM). The imaging process of the external geometry was acquired by using the Laser Scanner, the Geodesic GPS and the Total Station procedures. On the other hand, the imaging of the internal geometry was evaluated by GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar).The produced VOMs were adapted with much more detailed data with addition of the geological data and the gamma ray and permeability profiles. As a model for the use of the methodological procedures used on this work, the adapted VOM, two outcrops, located at the east part of the Parnaiba Basin, were selected. On the first one, rocks from the aeolian deposit of the Piaui Formation (Neo-carboniferous) and tidal flat deposits from the Pedra de Fogo Formation (Permian), which arises in a large outcrops located between Floriano and Teresina (Piau?), are present. The second area, located at the National Park of Sete Cidades, also at the Piau?, presents rocks from the Cabe?as Formation deposited in fluvial-deltaic systems during the Late Devonian. From the data of the adapted VOMs it was possible to identify lines, surfaces and 3D geometry, and therefore, quantify the geometry of interest. Among the found parameterization values, a table containing the thickness and width, obtained in canal and lobes deposits at the outcrop Pared?o and Biblioteca were the more relevant ones. In fact, this table can be used as an input for stochastic simulation of reservoirs. An example of the direct use of such table and their predicted radargrams was the identification of the bounding surface at the aeolian sites from the Piau? Formation. In spite of such radargrams supply only bi-dimensional data, the acquired lines followed of a mesh profile were used to add a third dimension to the imaging of the internal geometry. This phenomenon appears to be valid for all studied outcrops. As a conclusion, the tool here presented can became a new methodology in which the advantages of the digital imaging acquired from the Laser Scanner (precision, accuracy and speed of acquisition) were combined with the Total Station procedure (precision) using the classical digital photomosaic technique / Neste trabalho s?o apresentados os procedimentos metodol?gicos necess?rios para realizar o imageamento digital 3D da geometria externa e interna de afloramentos an?logos a reservat?rios, e elaborar seus Modelos Virtuais de Afloramentos (MVA). Para imagear a geometria externa foram utilizados o Laser Scanner, o GPS Geod?sico e a Esta??o Total, enquanto que para imagear a geometria interna foi utilizado o GPR. Nos MVA elaborados foram acrescidas ainda as informa??es geol?gicas e as obtidas nas perfilagens com raios gama e de permeabilidade. Como estudo de caso, para exemplificar os procedimentos metodol?gicos propostos, foram escolhidos dois conjuntos de afloramentos na borda leste da Bacia do Parna?ba. Na primeira ?rea ocorrem rochas de origem e?lica da Forma??o Piau? (Neocarbon?fero) e plan?cie de mar? da Forma??o Pedra de Fogo (Permiano), que afloram em um amplo corte de estrada, situado entre Floriano e Teresina (Piau?). A segunda ?rea, situada no Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades, tamb?m no Piau?, envolve rochas da Forma??o Cabe?as depositadas em sistemas fl?vio-deltaicos, durante o Neodevoniano. Com os MVA elaborados foi poss?vel identificar, linhas, superf?cies e geometrias 3D e, assim, quantificar as geometrias de interesse. Dentre as parametriza??es mais relevantes, ressaltam-se a tabela com valores de espessura e largura, obtidas em dep?sitos de canais e em lobos, nos afloramentos Pared?o e Biblioteca. Esta tabela pode ser utilizada como entrada (input) para simula??o estoc?stica de reservat?rios. Um exemplo da aplica??o direta dos radargramas interpretados foi a identifica??o de superf?cies limitantes, em dep?sitos e?licos, da Forma??o Piau?. Apesar dos radargramas oferecerem apenas dados bidimensionais, a aquisi??o de linhas distribu?das segundo uma malha acrescentou a terceira dimens?o ao imageamento das geometrias internas em todos os afloramentos estudados. ? ainda proposta uma nova metodologia que busca conciliar as vantagens obtidas com o imageamento digital com Laser Scanner (precis?o, acur?cia e velocidade de aquisi??o) e a Esta??o Total (precis?o), com o uso cl?ssico de fotomosaicos digitais

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