Submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Philosophy at the University of Zululand, 2011. / The study acknowledges that there have been attempts by scholars of African politics to explain the problems impeding the smooth running and consolidation of democracy in Africa. The acknowledgement of these previous efforts notwithstanding, the thesis sets out to show the value of a philosophical reaction to the positions of scholars on the issue, as a shift towards a better approach to it. It makes an examination, which exposes the inadequacy of the previous approach to the explanation of the problems militating against the democratic project in Africa. The thesis is not therapeutic. It is primarily diagnostic. Therefore, it did not set out to prescribe some procedural steps to change the ailing political system in Africa. Rather, it has identified the shortcomings of previous approaches to the problem of democracy in Africa, which, has portrayed Africans as mere effects of causes, and incapable of taking control of their own life situations. In the analysis, the scholars had argued that the unstable state of democracy in Africa has been caused by some internal and external factors. That is, by implication, Africa has been caused to be what it is. This study rejects the causal model of explanation taken uncritically from the Newtonian physics by the scholars of African politics in their explanations of the political challenges of Africa. This study argues that by applying the causal explanation, the scholars have implied that Africa is not more than a mere effect of causes, and therefore, incapable of a self-motivated and a free action. They have also implied that their own analyses were either caused or false Consequently, the study proposes that any reliable explanation of the problems militating against the democratic project in Africa must be non-causal in structure. That is, an explanation in which my explanations, as an African, are my own wilful actions. By so doing, the study has initiated a new consciousness of who I am as an African. It initiated the consciousness of the fact that such factors as colonialism and corrupt leadership in Africa may have had serious influences on the trajectory of my own history as an Africa, but they do not determine my situation in the deterministic cause and effect relation in the manner in which the scholars intended. / Education Trust Fund (Nigeria Government)

M.Com. (Economics) / This dissertation examines the level of trade between African states in general and West African states in particular. After discussing the background history of the continent and setting out the purpose and nature of the study in Chapter 1, the dissertation examined various international trade theories in Chapter 2. Economic and other arguments for and against free trade or more protection, as well as forms and examples of economic integration and co-operation are discussed in Chapter 3. There are very strong arguments in favour of free trade since both developed and developing countries undeniably benefit from trade, and specially from free trade. In Chapter 4, the performance of Africa in world trade and trade between various countries of the continent was examined. The formation of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS, the review of the economy of the ECOWAS region and the review of economies of some member states, were set out in Chapter 5. Chapter 6 examines intra-ECOWAS trade and assesses the successes and failures of the Community. Finally Chapter 7 contains a summary of the findings of the study. The dissertation draws some tentative conclusions based on the findings on intra-African trade in general, and intra-ECOWAS trade in particular. It seems that most African countries do not realise that it is necessary to unite in order to break away from the vicious circle of poverty in which they find themselves. The leaders of Africa today, unlike the leaders of the 1960s and early 1970s, fail to recognize the economic importance of the unity of the continent. It was a vision of the final economic emancipation of the African continent that led the earlier leaders to promote the idea of a continental unity ...

Project (M.A.) - Simon Fraser University, 2005. / Project (Dept. of Economics) / Simon Fraser University. Also issued in digital format and available on the World Wide Web.

Research studies that have already been conducted on the problem of child soldiers and child conscription have focused mostly on psychological trauma. Less attention has been paid to social, economic, and political processes in Africa. The goal of this thesis is to explore perceptions of professionals from various disciplines working in different organizations and government institutions (N = 207) concerning the causes, effects, and solutions to child conscription in Africa. / These professionals perceived that poverty, lack of educational resources, lack of community resources, economic hardships, dictates of international funders, corrupt governments, and unemployment were the major causes of child conscription into armed conflicts. With respect to the effects, the respondents perceived that physical and psychological issues, witnessing atrocities, and exposure to violence were the most important effects of participating in the armed conflicts. / In order to prevent or stop further recruitment of children into armed conflicts, the professionals working in the field thought that more educational programs should be initiated, community resources should be mobilized, prevention programs should be established, employment and training opportunities programs should also be provided, strong international laws drafted, advocacy and empowerment promoted, support for families provided, and awareness campaigns facilitated. / A striking result of this study is that professionals perceived counselling as a relatively unimportant solution to the problem of child conscription. Results are discussed in terms of the contrast between past research in the field, which has focused on individual-level effects and counselling solutions, and the societal-level effects, and solutions that professionals perceive are central to the problem.

Thesis (D. Miss.)--Western Seminary, Portland, Or., 1998. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 273-286).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1976. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 102-113).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Rutgers University, 2008. / "Graduate Program in History." Includes bibliographical references (p. 378-410).

Thèse--Université de Paris. / Published later under title: Anciennes relations commerciales et diplomatiques de la France avec la Barbarie. "Bibliographie": p. [v]-xv.

Thesis--Catholic Univ. of America. / "Select bibliography": p. xi-xv.

Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses. / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / 2031-01-02