Since the early 1980's, when HIV was first recognized in the U.S., the HIV disease epidemic has undergone many changes. It is no longer considered a disease of gay men, but is now the fourth leading cause of death in women aged 25 to 44. Worldwide, HIV transmission through vaginal or anal intercourse among heterosexuals has increased rapidly, and women are at a greater risk of infection from vaginal intercourse than are men. In particular, African American women comprise a large percentage of the population with HIV disease, raising an important question: Why are a disproportionate number of African American women infected with HIV? The purpose of this study is to examine selected factors that have been associated with non-compliant behavior in HIV prevention in African American women, such as partner influences, gender-related factors, and acculturation. The methodology used is a literature review of relevant research articles and scholarly works published between the years 1990 and 1999.