This work is a study of the agro-based industries and their future prospects in relation to the industrialization process in the Sudan. It considers the historical' background of the emergence of the modern manufacturing sector with emphasis on the 1970-83 period. This period witnessed the formulation of an industrialization strategy explicitly emphasizing a central role for industries based on the processing of agricultural raw materials. Processing of agricultural products as a distinct path to industrialization has been more advocated than studied. This thesis questions the rationale behind such path and its suitability as a strategy of industrialization for late late comers. The study suggests an alternative framework for re-examining such rationale with reference to and in light of the wider debate on trade and development strategies; interpretation of the historical experiences; and trends in technical change. The study examines the complex interaction of internal and external factors at the level of strategy formulation, implementation, and operation-that led to the present industrialization impasse. In doing so it suggests that the stagnation and decline in primary production is central to the understanding of that of the pattern of ·development of the manufacturing sector. On the question of performance, the thesis shows that despite vigorous expansion in the production capacities of the agro-based industries, its output grew at an extremely low rate during the 1970s. Capacity utilization was held down and the manufacturing sector actual capacity to supply goods and services for the economy and for itself declined sharply and because of built-in biases, the strategy led to the accentuation of regional disparities and reinforced the inherited lop-sided structure of the economy. The study shows that the profitability in the commodity producing sectors was maintained and/or augmented by direct state action made possible because of favourable external financial inflows. However, with the slow down in external financial inflows,' mounting external debts, building up of import intensities throughout the production structure and the decline in the state's accumulative and allocative capacities such pattern of reproduction became far less feasible. Furthermore, the study shows that the potential for rapid extensive expansion of agriculture, that eased the accumulation crisis in the 1960s and made possible its phase of industrialization, has shown clear signs of exhaustion. ( Finally the study concludes that the agro-based industries can only be a component of a broader industrialization strategy that encompasses the simultaneous building up of those branches that are capable of expanding its capacity and that of the whole economy, servicing and supplying it with the skills necessary for its efficient operation.

No description available.

Stuttgart, Univ., Diss., 2002 (Nicht für den Austausch).

Africa is rich with plentiful mineral resources, yet it is a continent associated with underdevelopment, low economic growth and unskilled labour. Arguments abound that if developing countries added more value to their commodities locally, rather than exporting them to other countries in a raw and unprocessed format, their key economic indicators, such as employment and economic growth, would be enhanced. This study explored debates by scholars and policymakers, who either support or are against the position that mineral beneficiation is a panacea to Africa’s economic challenges. The study explored arguments by scholars and policymakers as to why African countries fail to pursue mineral beneficiation which has subsequently relegated their economies to the bottom end of economic development. The research explored how International Relations (IR) scholars in the past tried to define development. These debates on development were explored using the theoretical frameworks of modernisation and dependency. The study found that these debates, have highlighted the important role which mineral resources play in international relations. Diplomacy and foreign policy were found to be key aspects in the debates on mineral beneficiation in the continent. The study employed a qualitative research approach to explore arguments by scholars and policymakers on whether the continent should beneficiate its mineral resources. Data was collected, analysed and categorised. The findings of the research were discussed based on the themes which emerged from the literature reviewed. The study focused on whether by beneficiating minerals locally, the continent could realise sustainable economic growth for its citizens. The study explored whether debates by scholars, mining industry and government policymakers could dispel or support the argument that mineral beneficiation is a panacea for sustainable economic growth and skills development in the continent. The study found that debates on whether African governments should beneficiate their abundant mineral resources will continue to evolve and develop. Key words: mineral resources; underdevelopment; economic growth; mineral beneficiation; comparative advantage; skills development; employment creation, diplomacy, resource diplomacy, upstream and downstream linkages. / Mini Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2019. / University of Pretoria / Political Sciences / MA / Unrestricted

No description available.

The object of this analysis of the Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC) was to examine the interaction between the states which comprise the organisation in terms of regional and international factors which either facilitated or constrained the pursuit of the organisation's economic goals. To this end a theoretical orientation which would place the organisation in context of regional and international political and economic interaction was necessary. International regime theory was used to place the organisation in an international context, and at the same time provided a theoretical dimension which could be used to analyse empirical evidence on the SADCC organisation's functioning. The application of regime theory clearly highlighted the fact that SADCC's economic goals are constrained by the degree to which all of the SADCC states are integrated on the economic level with western market economy and furthermore , by the fact that these links are reinforced for seven of the nine SADCC states by their economic dependence on South Africa. The above conclusion showed that in terms of the perpetuation of the SADCC organisation as an economic regime, according to the regime theory outlined in Chapter One, the goals of SADCC did not create a firm basis for economic cooperation in the long term. The future of the SADCC organisation in it's present form will depend on how long the racial policies of South Africa continue, for the analysis makes clear that the organisation has much more political than economic coherency. The use of a regime framework showed that in terms of the SADCC states individual economic positions, the historical and structural links between South Africa, the majority of the SADCC states and the West will continue indefinitely due to the strength of the structural economic links between the Southern African region and the western market economy. Thus the analysis proves, within the parameters of international regime theory, the lack of economic coherency within the SADCC organisation's goals, and the strength of the economic ties between the Southern African region and the West.

M.A. (Marketing Communication) / Communication in the 21st century has been defined as a practice through which members of society achieve shared meanings through the exchange of information, so that the making and managing of meaning creates a shared understanding of a social reality. Recent research emphasises the strong influence of communication platforms such as the media which encapsulates social thought, social discourse and reflects social reality, notwithstanding the prolific digital media as one of the most intriguing benefits of 21st century communication, specifically in the arena of brands and brand awareness. As such, a brand is a promise made by its owners to its consumers, creating brand perceptions and expectations as conveyed by the story of the brand through its various forms of communication. More specifically, media content significantly contributes to consumer perceptions and aspirations to interact with a brand because 21st century media in collaboration with the brand and media-savvy 21st century consumer creates awareness of a social reality such as brand consumption, by influencing public interest on specific characteristics such as the iconicity of a brand, thus setting the agenda for public discourse on the brand. As such the brand achieves an optimal competitive advantage, which contributes to its iconicity or collective high regard that the media find difficult to ignore, thus the application of the principles of the agenda-setting theory, which implies that the media is a fundamental contributor to social thought and discourse, creating public conversation and interest in the brand, ideally infusing the market with profitable awareness of the brand. In acknowledgement of the recognition of the African Development Bank as Africa’s premier development finance institution and as such, an iconic brand, this study addresses the research problem which explores how the African Development Bank uses its iconic branding in order to establish profitable brand awareness among its public sector clients.

M.Phil.

Univ., LL.M.--Stellenbosch (South Africa), 1999.

Universiẗat, Diss., 2002--Stuttgart.