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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Employing mHealth Applications for the Self-Assessment of Selected Eye Functions and Prediction of Chronic Major Eye Diseases among the Aging Population

Abdualiyeva, Gulnara 24 May 2019 (has links)
In the epoch of advanced mHealth (mobile health) use in ophthalmology, there is a scientific call for regulating the validity and reliability of eye-related apps. For a positive health outcome that works towards enhancing mobile-application guided diagnosis in joint decision-making between eye specialists and individuals, the aging population should be provided with a reliable and valid tool for assessment of their eye status outside the physician office. This interdisciplinary study aims to determine through hypothesis testing validity and reliability of a limited set of five mHealth apps (mHAs ) and through binary logistic regression the prediction possibilities of investigated apps to exclude the four major eye diseases in the particular demographic population. The study showed that 189 aging adults (45- 86 years old) who did complete the mHAs’ tests were able to produce reliable results of selected eye function tests through four out of five mHAs measuring visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, red desaturation, visual field and Amsler grid in comparison with a “gold standard” - comprehensive eye examination. Also, part of the participants was surveyed for assessing the Quality of Experience on mobile apps. Understanding of current reliability of existing eye-related mHAs will lead to the creation of ideal mobile application’ self-assessment protocol predicting the timely need for clinical assessment and treatment of age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma and cataract. Detecting the level of eye function impairments by mHAs is cost-effective and can contribute to research methodology in eye diseases’ prediction by expanding the system of clear criteria specially created for mobile applications and provide returning significant value in preventive ophthalmology.
2

Nutrition et dégénérescence maculaire liée a l’âge : approche épidémiologique du rôle des lipides / Nutrition and age macular degeneration : role of lipids with an epidemiological approach

Merle, Benedicte 17 December 2012 (has links)
La dégénérescence maculaire liée à l’âge (DMLA) représente actuellement la principale cause de cécité dans les pays industrialisés. Les traitements disponibles ne concernent qu’une partie des cas (DMLA néovasculaire) et n’évitent pas toujours le développement de déficiences visuelles sévères. L’identification de facteurs modifiables, tels que la nutrition, pourrait représenter des moyens de prévention permettant de diminuer la fréquence de cette maladie handicapante dans nos populations. L’objectif de la thèse était d’étudier d’un point de vue épidémiologique, la relation entre nutrition et DMLA chez les 963 sujets de l’étude Aliénor (Antioxydants Lipides Essentiels Nutrition et maladies OculaiRes), âgés de 73 ans et plus, avec un intérêt particulier pour les lipides. La relation entre les lipides et la DMLA repose principalement sur la potentielle implication du métabolisme lipidique dans la physiopathologie de la DMLA, ainsi que sur le triple rôle structurel, fonctionnel et protecteur des acides gras polyinsaturés (AGPI) n-3 au sein de la rétine. Dans un premier temps, nous avons mis en évidence une diminution du risque de DMLA chez les sujets ayant des apports alimentaires élevés en AGPI n-3. L’estimation des apports alimentaires étant sujette à de nombreuses imperfections (déclaration des sujets, biais de mémorisation, imprécisions des tables de composition alimentaire…), nous avons ensuite utilisé un biomarqueur du statut en AGPI n-3 afin de s’affranchir de ces limites. Ce travail nous a permis de mettre en évidence une diminution du risque de DMLA prévalente et incidente chez les sujets ayant des niveaux plasmatiques élevés d’AGPI n-3. Enfin, nous avons étudié les relations de certains gènes impliqués dans le métabolisme lipidique avec DMLA, les niveaux de lipides sanguins et de xanthophylles. Il ressort que les sujets TT pour le polymorphisme du gène LIPC (rs493258) présentaient un risque diminué de DMLA ainsi que des niveaux plasmatiques de zéaxanthine plus élevés. Ces travaux viennent compléter et enrichir la littérature à ce sujet et apportent des arguments nouveaux quant au rôle des AGPI n-3 dans la rétine ; ils pourront également servir de support en matière de recommandations nutritionnelles et de prévention de la DMLA. Nos travaux sur l’implication des gènes du métabolisme des lipides soulèvent de nouvelles questions quant aux mécanismes impliqués dans cette pathologie et pourraient suggérer de nouvelles pistes de recherche thérapeutiques et préventives. / Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in industrialized countries. Current treatments are limited to the neovascular form of the disease only and do not always prevent the development of severe visual impairment. The identification of modifiable risk factors, such as nutrition, may lead to preventive strategies, which may have the potential to reduce the impact and burden of AMD on the global aging population. The objective of the thesis was to study the association between nutrition and AMD in the 963 subjects, aged 73 years or older, from the Alienor Study, with a particular emphasis on lipids. The relationship between lipids and AMD is primarily based on the potential involvement of lipid metabolism in the pathogenesis of AMD and on the structural, functional and protective roles of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the retina. First, we showed that high intakes of omega 3 PUFAs were associated with a decreased risk for AMD. Estimation of dietary intakes being affected by many imperfections (bias in reporting, memory bias, inaccuracies from food composition tables...); we used an omega 3 PUFAs biomarker in order to overcome these limitations. This second work showed that high plasma levels of omega 3 PUFAs were associated with a decreased risk for prevalent and incident AMD. Finally, we studied the associations of genes involved in lipid metabolism with AMD, plasma lipids and xanthophylls. It appears that subjects bearing TT genotype for LIPC gene had a decreased risk of AMD and higher plasma levels of zeaxanthin. These results provide new arguments about the role of omega-3 PUFAs in the retina. They can also provide support and recommendations for prevention of AMD. This work on genes involved in lipid metabolism suggest new questions about mechanisms involved in AMD and may suggest new way of research in treatment and prevention.

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