Thesis (doctoral)--Université de Paris X-Nanterre, 1997. / "Lille-thèses, ISSN, 0294-1767"--Fiche header.

The objective of this study was to quantitatively document the culture performance and tissue quality of commercially important deepwater shellfish species (i. e., Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas; and Japanese scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis) cultured adjacent to marine finfish aquaculture operations, and to determine (from a production viability and seafood safety perspective) whether integrated finfish-shellfish Multi- Trophic Aquaculture (MTA), or polyculture, is a viable option for the aquaculture industry of temperate regions. Two study sites were employed for this research, one comprising an Atlantic salmon production facility and the other a Pacific salmonf arm. A 2-year assessment program for these sites detailed: (i) oceanographic and physiographicc haracteristics;( ii) organic waste flux, composition and dispersion; (iii) shellfish uptake and contaminant persistence; and (iv) shellfish culture performance. Organic waste flux ranged from 17.11 g/m2/day to 18.35 g/m2/day at the study sites. Phosphorus, calcium, carbon, zinc, cadmium, and strontium were waste constituents that were found at elevated levels at the farm sites with significant declines in concentrations with distance downstream (maximum effect to 100-115 meters). A mass balancee stimation suggested that 85.1% of the organic material (feed) entering the cage was used for fish growth/respiration, 6.8% was lost as settlable solids to the seafloor, and the remaining 8.1% was retained in the water column and a fraction that could affect non-target species (e. g., polyculture candidates) either directly or indirectly. A similar mass balance evaluation for trace metal and chernotherepeutic constituents indicated that 12.9% of the zinc, and an estimated 98.6% of the oxytetracycline contained in feed (during treatment), was released to the water column for potential uptake by co-cultured shellfish. The shellfish monitoring component of this study revealed that trace metal constituents of the feed did become available to the shellfish, although the quantifiable accumulation of trace metals in these non-target species occurred only in close proximity to the cage system and only for the tested scallops (Patinopectin yessoensis). Uptake rates of OTC by shellfish ranged from 0.056 - 0.100 ug/g/day with an associated clearance rate of 0.016 - 0.109 ug/g/day for the respective treatment periods. The comparison of uptake-clearance dynamics suggested asignificant seasonal component to these processes. The physical and biological processes affecting contaminant uptake and clearance rates were identified as important considerations in the management of a proposed integrated-MTA system. A simple Probable Effects Duration (PED) model was developed on the basis of Uptake-Clearance-Persistence plots, illustrating the basis upon which temporal effects of water quality deterioration could be managed in such a system. Shellfish growth was neither impeded nor enhanced as a result of being cultured directly within the influences of a salmon aquaculture facility. An organoleptic test demonstrated that shellfish palatability was not negatively impacted as a consequence of culture proximity to a finfish aquaculture facility. Results of this research suggested that two options are available for developing MTA in coastal temperate waters, i. e., an integrated MTA system and/or an adjacent MTA system. A wide range of MTA social, technical and economic benefits were identified and discussed as a result of this research. It was concluded that the development of a balanced MTA could add measurable environmental benefits to existing aquaculture systemss, setting the stage for future production efficiencies and growth. Given a proper regulatory framework, including seafood (MTA products) and environmental quality surveillanc, the potential water quality impacts on the shellfish component of a finfish-shellfish MTA (identified in this research initiative), and the associated risks over seafood safety, could be effectively managed to support this aquaculture evolution.

Thesis(M.S.)--Auburn University, 2006. / Abstract. Includes bibliographic references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on September 15, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Australia, 2007.

No description available.

Orientador: Márcio Antônio Teixeira / Banca: Antônio Nivaldo Hespanhol / Banca: José Gilberto de Souza / Banca: Cleonice Alexandre Le Bourlegat / Banca: Tito Carlos Machado de Oliveira / Resumo: No trabalho partiu-se da hipótese que os sistemas agrícolas da Microrregião Campo Grande apresentavam dinâmicas bastante homogêneas do ponto de vista econômico e tecnológico, apesar das variações de solos, micro-climas, relevo, recursos hídricos, elementos sociais, econômicos e culturais e que as referidas dinâmicas provocavam dificuldades no cumprimento da Lei de Crimes Ambientais. Buscou-se compreender a dinâmica de produção do espaço da MR 04 - Campo Grande, composta pelos municípios de Campo Grande, Terenos, Sidrolândia, Rochedo, Corguinho, Rio Negro, Jaraguari e Bandeirantes e de suas articulações espaço-temporais. Objetivou-se, ainda conhecer os papeis dos órgãos públicos, da iniciativa privada e da escola quanto à questão ambiental e avaliar as principais dificuldades de reflorestamento na MR 04. Para tanto realizou-se revisão bibliográfica, levantamento de dados secundários junto ao INCRA, Prefeituras Municipais da Microrregião e IBGE e um trabalho de campo para mapear as dificuldades apontadas pelos proprietários rurais quanto ao cumprimento da Lei Ambiental. Para conhecer o funcionamento dos espaços situados nas proximidades das cidades (espaços rurbanos), investigou-se praticamente todo universo circundante da cidade de Campo Grande. Verificou-se, ainda, como os alunos dos finais de ciclo do Ensino Fundamental vêem as questões ambientais tanto nas escolas particulares quanto nas públicas, da capital do Estado e do interior, da zona urbana e da zona rural. Além disso, entrevistou-se representantes do setor público e privado e pesquisadores especialistas na temática ambiental. Percebeu-se que a leitura da paisagem da Microrregião Campo Grande, do ponto de vista das possibilidades de um desenvolvimento sustentado, apresenta aspectos como a presença de potencialidades e de obstáculos a tal natureza do desenvolvimento... (Resumo completo completo clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The study in hand started from the hypothesis that the agricultural systems in the Microregion of Campo Grande presented sufficiently homogeneous dynamics from the economic and technological point of view, notwithstanding the variations in soil, micro-climates, relief, hydric resources, social, economic and cultural elements and that the above mentioned dynamics were provoking difficulties in the fulfilling of the Environmental Crimes Law. The aim was to understand the dynamics of production in the MR 04 space - Campo Grande, composed of the municipalities of Campo Grande, Terenos, Sidrolândia, Rochedo, Corguinho, Rio Negro, Jaraguari and Bandeirantes and their temporal-spatial articulations. The objective also included the role of the public organs, of private initiative and of the schools as to the question of the environment and the evaluation of the principal difficulties for the reforestation of the MR 04. To this end, the bibliographical survey was carried out of secondary data together with INCRA, Municipal Town Halls of the Micro-region and IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics), as well as field work mapping out the difficulties pointed out by the rural land owners in the fulfilling of the Environment Law. In order to see the functioning of the spaces situated on the outskirts of the cities (rurban spaces), practically the whole universe surrounding the city of Campo Grande was investigated. Also verified was how pupils finishing the Fundamental Teaching cycles see environmental questions both in private and public schools, in the State capital and in the interior, in urban and rural zones. As well as this, representatives of the public and private sector, researchers specializing in the environmental theme were interviewed. It was perceived that the reading of the landscape of the Micro-region of Campo Grande... (Complete abstract click electronic address below) / Doutor

Allan Waters, a communal area near Queenstown in the former Ciskei of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, have about 80 households who are involved in agriculture. These households were surveyed with two questionnaires. The first was at household level, focusing on the current socioeconomic situations and farming systems. Data were collected from sixty-three households in the village. The socio-economics questionnaire was divided into sections: demographic information, land and agricultural information, income and expenditure. In order to improve the livelihood of the households and to secure food production and food security, a situation analysis of the rural farmers was carried out using typology as a research tool. Typologies were built in order to analyze the diversity of production units (farms) or households (agricultural households). To define household typologies, factors such as land, source of income, modes of farming and composition of the family were used to identify six typology categories and to divide these into two main groups. The two main groups comprised of (a) livestock farming and (b) non-livestock farming or very little farming activities. The six types are as follows: Type 1: Poverty-stricken households Type 2: Newly arrived households Type 3: Households’ depending on old age pensions Type 4: Households’ main income from old age pensions and supported by substantial farming Type 5: Households’ revenue generated from business, wages and farming Type 6: Full time farming Five types had access to grazing and arable land for agricultural purposes, but type two had not yet been granted the rights to graze or the use of arable fields for agricultural purposes by the village. The source of income for the households in type one was made up of welfare grants and remittances. Types three and four, mainly depended on pensions when compared to the other four types. The households in type five mainly received incomes from farming and business. In type six, the main income received was from farming. The most common modes of farming for the types were: garden-poultry- dry land- crop- cattle-sheep-goats. Using the data from the first questionnaire, the three active agricultural types were targeted with a production survey (28 households). The production survey revolved around animal production, but a number of questions had to do with general information concerning agriculture. From the survey, the households reported that the main aim for keeping livestock and chickens was self- consumption and sale of animals, except in the case of sheep, which were kept for wool production. In the case of the wool farmers, the committee controlled activities such as mating of animals, grazing management, shearing, dipping of animals and wool sorting. The other tasks were left to the farmer himself. Wool data obtained for 2001 indicated that the average fleece weight was 3.88 kg greasy wool per sheep, with an A- to C- length. The fibre diametre of the wool in general fell in a medium class (21.1 micron). From the survey a number of projects were identified to assist the rural farmers in improving the livelihood of the households and in securing food production and food security.

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