農民工權益保障問題是影響中國社會轉型的重大問題。中國各級政府制定了一系列旨在保障農民工權益的法律法規和政策，但這些法律法規和政策在實踐卻未能發揮其應有作用，農民工的權益仍然被持續而普遍地的侵犯，無法獲得真正的保障。本研究針對農民工權益無法獲得真正保障的問題，基於文献省覧和個人經驗的反思而構建出“雙重分離的初步研究概念框架，即政策文本與政策實踐的分離和工人意識和工人實踐的分離。 / 本研究發現，政策文本和政策實踐的分離通過政治問題社會化、社會問題法律化和法律問題權變化三種機制得以實現。首先，國家在解決農民工問題的具體政策方案上採取社會化的策略，將作為政治問題的農民工問題純粹當作社會問題來處理，刻意回避農民工在國家權力體系的中的地位問題。其次，國家通過官方工會的法律服務將作為社會問題的農民工權益保障問題處理為單純的法律問題；通過對勞工NGO的體制擠壓和對工人自主組建工會的打擊防止農民工權益保障問題的社會化和政治化。再次，地方當局在處理作為法律問題的農民工權益保障問題時，違反國家法律法規的規定，在不同情況下採取不同的處理方式，執行不同的標準，損害農民工的法定權益。工人意識與工人實踐的分離通過意識犬儒化和權益商品化得以實現。一方面，農民工表現出徹底不相信、認命不爭、知曉而不行動等帶有犬儒主義色彩的群體意識；另一方面，農民工將政策文本規定的權益視為一種可以“打折的商品，而非固有的不可侵犯的權益，並通常在議價過程中作出讓步。 / 本研究基於研究發現提煉出一組分析國家在勞資關係中的角色的概念，即次標準、地方專制資本主義和安撫型國家，它們構成了從微觀到宏觀的較為系統的分析當代中國國家與工人關係的概念體系，為後續研究奠定了基礎。 / The protection of the rights and interests of migrant workers is the major issue that affects China in the process of social transformation. The Chinese governments at all levels have promulgated a series of laws, regulations and policies, aiming to protect the migrant workers. But these laws, rules, and policies in practice have failed to perform their due role and function. The migrant workers’ rights and interests are still constantly unable to get real protection. This study examined the problem of the inability of migrant workers in gaining real protection of their rights and interests. Based on the literature review and the reflection of personal experience, a provisional conceptual framework “Double Disjuncture was formulated for the study, which refers to the disjuncture between policy text and policy practice and the disjuncture between worker’s consciousness and worker’s practice. / This study found that the disjuncture between policy text and policy practice is realized through three mechanisms: socialization of political issues, legalization of social issues, and contingency of legal issues. Firstly, the state took the strategy of socialization by using specific policies and programs to deal with the problems of migrant workers. The problem of migrant workers as a political matter was treated purely as a social problem, and deliberately avoided the status of migrant workers within the state power system. Secondly, through the legal service of the official labour unions, the state has made the problem of the rights and interest of migrant workers as purely a legal issue, and prohibits the formation of independent trade unions and the development of labor NGOs in order to prevent politicization and socialization of the problem of the protection of rights and interests of migrant workers through institutional extrusion. Thirdly, the local authorities violated the provisions of national laws and regulations in dealing with the problems of rights and interests of migrant workers. They took different approaches and various standards in different situations, which greatly prejudice the statutory rights and interests of migrant workers. / The disjuncture between worker’s consciousness and worker’s practice was made real by the workers’ consciousness of cynicism and the commercialization of rights and interests. On the one hand, migrant workers expressed distrust, acceptance of fate, and knowing without action which embrace the communal sense with the color of cynicism. On the other hand, migrant workers treated the rights and interests specified in the policy text as discountable commodities rather than inviolable rights and interests, and often made concessions in the bargaining process. / Based on the research findings, this study identified and constructed a set of concepts, such as sub-standard, local despotic capitalism, and propitiatory state. They constitute a systematic framework for understanding the relationships between the state and the workers in contemporary China from the micro to macro perspective, and lay the foundation for further researches. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 鄭廣懷. / "2012年9月". / "2012 nian 9 yue". / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 224-243). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract in Chinese and English. / Zheng Guanghuai. / Chapter 第一部分 --- 研究問題與研究設計 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一章 --- 問題的提出 --- p.2 / Chapter 第二章 --- 文獻回顧與概念框架 --- p.16 / Chapter 第三章 --- 研究方法 --- p.44 / Chapter 第二部分 --- 研究發現 --- p.64 / Chapter 第四章 --- 政策文本與政策實踐分離的實現機制 --- p.65 / Chapter 第五章 --- 工人意識與工人實踐分離的實現機制 --- p.119 / Chapter 第六章 --- 政治修辭、霸權建構與權益剝奪 --- p.136 / Chapter 第七章 --- 中介力量：勞工NGO存在的可能與作用 --- p.161 / Chapter 第三部分 --- 討論和總結 --- p.175 / Chapter 第八章 --- 討論 --- p.176 / Chapter 第九章 --- 研究應用 --- p.206 / Chapter 第十章 --- 總結 --- p.215 / 附錄 --- p.216 / 參考文獻 --- p.224

自中國改革開放以來，大量的農村人口流動到城巿工作。在中國的移民／遷移研究當中，家庭、女性、制度等常為研究人員的研究對象及研究範式，卻鮮以性別視角研究男性的打工經驗及個人的遷移經歷。這一點對於理解男性在遷移及打工過程中，如何回應城鄉之間的差異，包括工業化及全球化下的中國經濟模式以及各種意識形態的轉變，具有極為重要的價值。面對著大量流動於不同社會的男性群體，我們對於他們的身份建構、工作遭遇、因著男性身份而在各個領域中所經歴的差異等理解甚少。是次研究以南中國農民工為例，與12 位以服務性行業為主的男性農民工進行了深入訪談，並以男性特質論（Masculinities）作為分析框架。研究發現在城巿及巿場的影響之下，男性農民工的男性特質具有物質化特性，這種男性特質的再建構是男性農民工面對現代化及都巿生活下的一種價值轉變及回應。與此同時，在物質化男性特質影響下，男性農民工對於家庭產生一種循環性的虧欠感及對其自我評價產生負面影響。 / Since the Open Door Policy of China, a great proportion of people in the rural areas mobilized to the city for work, Family, female and institution are usually the subjects and perspectives in the trend of recent China internal migration studies. However, male migrant workers, as a gender subject, is usually absent in those researches and their experience in the city should be revealed. The changing identities and asculinities performance are significant perspective for us in understating the male migrant workers subjectivities transformation underthe influences from city and market. This study aims at using Masculinities as a framework to investigate the effect of cities and markets on the male migrant workers in south China. Twelve In-depth interviews with male migrant workers, whose are mainly in service industry in these 2 years (2012-2013), were conducted. This research discovers that their Masculinities were materialized under the influences of city and market when they are working in the cities, and the materialized masculinity lead(s) them to have a low self-appraisal and selfregret to their family. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 彭梽樃. / Thesis (M.Phil.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2014. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 45-50). / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Peng Zhilang.

Acknowledging the population aging trend, the urbanization process, and also the old-age security challenges facing rural migrant workers, this study sets out to explore and make theoretical sense of the pension policy process for rural migrant workers, through a case study in Beijing. Applying the stage model of the policymaking process, and an equitable-effective-efficient evaluative framework, an inquiry frame is constructed to formulate research questions theoretically and to facilitate the whole study. Mixed methods integrating quantitative and qualitative research were adopted to achieve the stated purpose. The secondary data yielded by a random sampling survey (N=3,024) were employed to provide a contextual base, and to examine what factors are influencing rural migrant worker choices and participation in pension schemes, through a multivariate Probit regression method. The effect of pension program on consumption smoothing and income redistribution, reflected by pension replacement rates, are explored through actuarial models. Based on the findings of a quantitative study, semi-structured, in-depth interviews were carried out with 22 rural migrant workers, 6 governmental officials, 5 scholars and 5 human resource managers in Beijing. Through prolonged immersion in the research site, qualitative research further addresses the mechanisms and factors functioning within the policymaking process. Merging mixed methods utilizing the stages model of policy process, this study has been able to make discoveries not reported in previous studies. This study is of considerable significance, as it contributes novel insights and concepts into understanding the dynamics of the policy process in the case study of rural migrant worker pension provision in China. First, in response to the inquiry frame, it establishes an analytical framework to uncover the underlying policymaking process, as well as the mechanisms and factors functioning within each stage. In the agenda setting stage, it is the central government which can initiate the agenda setting process for rural migrant workers. At the same time, however, local governments are driven by their own interests and compelled by the central government’s desire to get pension issues on the agenda. It is indicated that decentralization, centralization and incrementalism are functioning together in policy formulation and adoption. From both the micro and macro perspectives, this study identifies what factors are contributing to the gap between policy design and implementation. Guided by a preset three-Es framework, the whole policy process and its (potential) impacts are evaluated. Second, throughout the whole study, an interest is displayed through its analysis in rural migrant workers' situations, needs and opinions. It is found that governments are playing an overwhelmingly decisive role in policy making, that rural migrant workers' voices are largely unheard, and that powers are concentrated in unrepresentative hands. Policy suggestions on moving toward a democratic policy process are then discussed. Finally, this study further proposes a package of concrete policy implications to systematically address these practical policy issues. This package mainly covers the household registration system, the sandwich generation, preservation of pension rights, policy transparency and publicity, policies being moderately mandated, and particular social welfare programs. / published_or_final_version / Social Work and Social Administration / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

杜平. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 146-161) / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Du Ping.

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences / Department of Sociology

by Ip Iam Chong. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 148-160). / LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES --- p.i / ACKNOWLEGEMENTS --- p.ii / ABSTRACT --- p.iii-v / Chapter CHAPTER 1. --- INTRODUCTION: INDUSTRIALIZATION AND FAMILY CHANGE1 --- p.1-15 / Chapter 1.1. --- JOIN THE WORLD OF CAPITALIST ECONOMY --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2. --- DIVERSIFICATION OF PEASANT ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3. --- COASTAL CAPITALIST DEVELOPMENT --- p.5 / Chapter 1.4. --- WORKERS' STORIES --- p.9 / Chapter 1.5. --- METHODOLOGY --- p.13 / Chapter CHAPTER 2. --- INDUSTRIALIZATION AND FAMILY DYNAMICS --- p.16-35 / Chapter 2.1. --- TWO ARGUMENTS OF FAMILY AND INDUSTRIALIZATION --- p.16 / Chapter 2.1.1. --- """Breakdown"" Argument" --- p.17 / Chapter 2.1.2. --- """Family Strategy"" Argument" --- p.19 / Chapter 2.2. --- FAMILY AS COHERENT UNIT: A CRITIQUE --- p.23 / Chapter 2.2.1. --- Un-examined Assumption --- p.23 / Chapter 2.2.2. --- Individual Autonomy in Family --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2.3. --- A Site of Conflicts --- p.28 / Chapter 2.3. --- "GENDER, FAMILY AND INDUSTRIALIZATION" --- p.30 / Chapter 2.4. --- FRAMEWORK AND CONCEPTUALIZATION --- p.34 / Chapter CHAPTER 3. --- INFLUXES OF LABOUR AND CAPITAL --- p.36-51 / Chapter 3.1. --- EXPORT INDUSTRIALIZATION --- p.36 / Chapter 3.2. --- OPEN ECONOMIC POLICY --- p.37 / Chapter 3.3. --- INFLUXES OF CAPITAL THROUGH HONG KONG --- p.38 / Chapter 3.4. --- PEARL RIVER DELTA ZONE: REGAINS ITS LINKEAGES WITH CAPITALIST WORLD --- p.41 / Chapter 3.5. --- TAKEOFF OF DONGGUAN --- p.43 / Chapter 3.6. --- NEWLY DEVELOPED INDUSTRIAL TOWN: TOWN C --- p.45 / Chapter 3.7. --- "POOR MOUNTAINOUS REGION: DAWU COUNTY, YANGGANG VILLAGE" --- p.46 / Chapter 3.8. --- REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN EXPERIENCING ECONOMIC REFORM --- p.50 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- DECLINE OF PARENTAL CONTROL ON LABOUR ALLOCATION --- p.52-73 / Chapter 4.1. --- DIFFERENT POINTS OF DEPARTURE --- p.52 / Chapter 4.1.1. --- Male: Extension of Original Autonomy --- p.52 / Chapter - --- Independent Working Experience --- p.54 / Chapter - --- Decision-making Process --- p.58 / Chapter 4.1.2. --- Females: From Dependent to independent --- p.60 / Chapter - --- Autonomy and Peer Group --- p.62 / Chapter - --- Serious Disagreement --- p.65 / Chapter 4.2. --- INDIVIDUALS INTERESTS DOMINATED HOUSEHOLD --- p.69 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- REINFORCEMENT OF PARENTAL CONTROL ON WAGE FUND --- p.74-94 / Chapter 5.1. --- GENDER DIFFERENCES IN LABOUR MARKET --- p.74 / Chapter 5.1.1. --- Women: Steady Wage and Steady Remittances --- p.78 / Chapter 5.1.2. --- Men: Irregular Income --- p.80 / Chapter 5.2. --- GENDER DIFFERENCES IN RIGHTS TO HOUSEHOLD FUND --- p.85 / Chapter 5.2.1. --- Unequal Distribution of Rights --- p.86 / Chapter 5.2.2. --- Transfer Females' wages to Males --- p.88 / Chapter 5.2.3. --- Wage Contributions for Social Reproduction of Family --- p.89 / Chapter 5.3. --- HOUSEHOLD INTERESTS DOMINATED INDIVIDUALS --- p.91 / Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- BARGAIN AND COMPROMISE ON HOUSEHOLD REPRODUCTION --- p.95-122 / Chapter 6.1. --- HOUSEHOLD REPRODUCTION --- p.95 / Chapter 6.2. --- FAILURE OF ASSIMILATION --- p.96 / Chapter 6.2.1. --- """My home is not here!""" --- p.97 / Chapter 6.2.2. --- Split Labour Market --- p.98 / Chapter 6.2.3. --- Harsh Work and Danger --- p.100 / Chapter 6.2.4. --- Localistic Antagonism --- p.103 / Chapter 6.2.5. --- Distrust in Urban Facilities and Institutions --- p.104 / Chapter 6.3. --- LOCALISTIC CONNECTIONS --- p.107 / Chapter 6.3.1. --- Supportive Networks --- p.108 / Chapter 6.3.2. --- Temporary Work and Residence --- p.111 / Chapter 6.4. --- WITHOUT OPTION --- p.113 / Chapter 6.4.1. --- "Women: ""Decide after return home.""" --- p.114 / Chapter 6.4.2. --- "Men: ""Working near home is easier.""" --- p.118 / Chapter 6.5. --- NEGOTIATIONS WITHIN HOUSEHOLD --- p.121 / Chapter CHAPTER 7 --- CONCLUSION: HOUSEHOLD STRATEGIES VS INDIVIDUAL STRATEGIES --- p.123-144 / Chapter 7.1. --- REORGANIZATION AND DISORGANIZATION OF FAMILY --- p.123 / Chapter 7.2. --- THREE DIMENSIONS OF HOUSEHOLD ECONOMY --- p.124 / Chapter 7.2.1. --- Individual Strategy Dominated Family Strategy --- p.124 / Chapter 7.2.2. --- Family Strategy Dominated Individual Strategy --- p.126 / Chapter 7.2.3. --- Balance Between Family and Individual Strategy --- p.127 / Chapter 7.3. --- THE INSTITUTIONAL CONSTRAINS ON FAMILY STRATEGY --- p.129 / Chapter 7.4. --- "STRUCTURATION AS ""ENABLE AND CONSTRAIN""" --- p.130 / Chapter 7.4.1. --- Industrial Employment --- p.130 / Chapter 7.4.2. --- Household --- p.131 / Chapter 7.5. --- "RETHINKING ""HOUSEHOLD ECONOMY""" --- p.132 / Chapter 7.5.1. --- "Whose Strategies were ""Family Strategies""?" --- p.135 / Chapter 7.5.2. --- Family as Intersecting Point between Individual and Industrialization? --- p.138 / Chapter 7.6. --- CAPITALIST DEVELOPMENT AND FAMILY CHANGE --- p.139 / Chapter 7.7. --- LIMITATION --- p.145 / APPENDIX: Name List of Informants --- p.147 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.148-160

Contemporary labor social security is an important social institution established to combat risks of human life under urbanization. It has close connection with the mass rural-urban migration in the process of industrialization. Since the 1980s reform and open door in China, huge number of peasants has crowded to the cities looking for jobs. This has created the ever largest migration movement in human history and posed grave challenges to the existing labor social security system. On the basis of a comprehensive review of the legal documents and field interviews in the city of Hangzhou, an attempt was made in this study to review the evolution and the practice of rules and regulations relating to the labor social security, analyze the causes of the labor social security rights deprivation, and explore the social inclusion strategies from developmental welfare perspective. / The findings suggest that: (1) The migrant workers have now enjoyed the same basic labor social security rights as the urban workers in terms of rules and regulations; (2) The deficiency of the labor protection in practice is mainly the consequences of the distorted social development: the surplus supply of labor market, the transformation of labor social security system, the problem of the rules and regulations and their executions; (3) Developmental welfare strategies in terms of human and social capital investment help the migrant workers improve their position in the labor market and get access to labor social security; and (4) Apart from implementing developmental welfare strategies, the positive discrimination policy should be endorsed in order to achieve the aim of the wellness of social development and change the disadvantaged position of the migrant workers. / This study takes social development theory as the core concept, and regards the social exclusion of labor social security as the result of distorted social development, and proposes a policy orientation that combines developmentalism and positive discrimination. The study not only overcomes the limit of developmental welfare theory which pays emphasis on long-term goals and neglects immediate aids, but also promotes the realization of labor social security rights from both its consequences and causes. / 方巍. / 呈交日期: 2006年12月. / 論文(哲學博士)--香港中文大學, 2007. / 參考文獻(p. 266-311). / Cheng jiao ri qi: 2006 nian 12 yue. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-08, Section: A, page: 3616. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / School code: 1307. / Lun wen (zhe xue bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2007. / Can kao wen xian (p. 266-311). / Fang Wei.