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Farmworker Research & Resource Project (DSRP): Press clips summary 3University of the Witwatersrand 30 June 1989 (has links)
Thousands of farmers were saved from bankruptcy by the Department of Agriculture, says Minister Greyling Wentzel. He said in 1986/1987 2 741 farmers who would have been bankrupt were saved through the department’s production aid scheme. The Rill,7m they received as loans enabled them to get a crop in the ground, without which they would have gone under. The debt consolidation scheme likewise helped about 2 000 farmers escape bankruptcy for the period 1983/1984 to 1986/1987.
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Promoting development and land reform on South African farmsHusy, Dave, Samson, Carolien January 1900 (has links)
The issue of social development for farm workers has always been a contentious one, primarily due to a history of development being one of repression and exploitation. Decades of exploitative control have left a social situation characterised by poverty and extreme inequality of power, between farmer and worker, black and white people, and between men and women. The legacy of this brutal past is not only to be found in the conditions under which farm workers now live, but rather the psychological and institutional barriers preventing their achievement of a better life though effectively utilising the opportunities available to them. Poverty and marginalisation is a formidable barrier to overcome in this environment. In becomes clear that any development programme aimed at providing farm workers with support in their struggle for a better life - the essence of “development” - will of necessity need to address these factors. The complexity of the farm situation, with its myriad of historical, social and economic problems, requires an innovative approach which represents a combination of, and compromise between, the priorities for farmers and those of workers, and mechanisms which promote broad based minimum standards as well as innovation and leverage for longer term benefit. The Land and Agricultural Bank of South Africa has initiated a number of products and programmes to promote development and land reform for farm workers. The intention of these is to stimulate farm based development through leveraging the various governmental development programmes and the commitment of landowners. In particular, Land Bank is to introduce a Social Discount Product to provide incentives for the Bank’s clients to implement development projects on their farms. This article explores some of the issues Land Bank has experienced in developing its products to promote farm based development, and specifically the Social Discount Product. It examines in "brief the current development context for farm workers, and in particular their conditions of life and work. It also reviews some of the current mitiatives to promote farm-based development by a variety of actors, governmental, private sector, and civil society. An outline of the Land Bank’s Social Discount Product and other programmes is then presented. Finally, issues and challenges are identified which are critical to the success of development and land reform for farm workers. The article contends that land reform for farm workers cannot be viewed separately from the broader process of development on farms. The reason for this is partly that land reform, or redistribution, will only affect a minimal number of farm workers, while the majority still seek improvement in their life conditions and opportunities. For this reason, it is important to identify the challenges to development on farms, and the spectrum of measures and interventions necessary for promoting overall development. / Paper presented at the SARPN conference on Land Reform and Poverty Alleviation in Southern Africa Pretoria
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Farm labour in a demarcated area of the Western CapeBeyers, Johannes Petrus January 1971 (has links)
Bibliography: pages 339-346. / The aim of this research project is to gain knowledge concerning farm labour in the Western Cape. Specifically, we seek to define: a) The role of Coloured people, Africans and Whites as farm workers; b) the interaction amongst the three mentioned racial groups; c) the community structure of the three racial groups; d) tendencies in migration of farm labourers and the problems arising from it; e) the social-economical position of the farm worker in the country; f) the relation between the farmer as the employer and the farm worker.
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The Rural Foundation, management and change on fruit farms : a case study of selected farms in the Elgin areaMayson, David January 1990 (has links)
Includes bibliography. / This is an exploratory study which investigates changes introduced by management on farms in Elgin and explores the perceptions of some of those involved in the changes. The initiatives and activities of the Rural Foundation for Community Development (Rural Foundation) and its involvement in these changes forms a crucial part of the exploration. Three questions direct the study. 1. What are the changes that have been introduced? 2. Why were they introduced? 3. What is the social meaning of the changes? The study is based on a case study of four farms. Documentary material was collected from a variety of sources including the Rural Foundation, the South African Government, as well as other agencies operating in the field. Interviews with various actors were conducted, including management and a selection of workers on each of the four farms, Rural Foundation officials as well as other actors connected to the developments on the farms. The study is informed by historical materialist theory and draws from certain labour process theories. Important for the study was the discussion raised in these theories around the effect that workers' motivation has on their productivity. The study is located in the context of the national historical development of capitalist agriculture since the Second World War. More specifically it is situated locally in terms of changes that occurred on Elgin farms more generally prior to the 1980's as well as the present general circumstances in the area. Three fields of change are identified on the four farms: (i) training of workers, (ii) new incentives and pay structures, and (iii) community development. It is asserted that these changes are measures introduced by management in an attempt to, firstly, decrease production costs by employing greater numbers of women and migrant workers and paying them less. Secondly, they are aimed at increasing the productivity of workers through measures designed to improve the 'quality' and stability of workers and to develop a new authority structure on the farms. Four trends are thus identified as occurring on the farms: 1. Increasing use of women and migrant workers. 2. An improvement in workers' living conditions and standards. 3. An increasing emphasis on improving workers' productivity. 4. A shift in the emphasis on control towards developing workers' consent.
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Here you will remain : adolescent experience on farms in the Western CapeWaldman, Pearl Linda January 1993 (has links)
Bibliography: pages 182-190. / The thesis examines adolescent experience on two grape-growing farms in the Western Cape. Particular attention is paid to the daily lives of farm residents with special reference to adolescents and the power relations between farmers and farm residents and between males and females insofar as they affect adolescents. The current literature on conditions on white-owned farms in South Africa lacks detailed research at the micro-level. This thesis begins to fill the gaps in the literature by providing an understanding of how people on the farms pursue their day-to-day lives. Six months intensive fieldwork was conducted on two farms in the Western Cape. During this time participant observation was supplemented by a household survey, the correction of life-histories and interviews with farm residents. Adolescent labour was documented in both summer and winter by using observations, 24-hour recalls and instant checks. An important theme which recurs throughout the thesis is that of the entrapment and encapsulation of farm residents. I show that despite the fact that different people - men, women and adolescent girls and boys - have different options for resisting the constraints of farm existence, they remain trapped in the valley with few alternative opportunities for employment elsewhere.
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Capitalisation and proletarianization on a Western Cape farm: Klaver Valley 1812-1898Host, Elizabeth Anne January 1992 (has links)
This thesis is the study of a single farm, Klaver Valley in the Darling district, 1812 - 1898. Chapter One provides a physical view of Klaver Valley from 1812 to 1898 showing the changes in the landscape and production of grains, wine and wool over the period. It argues that these changes occurred as a direct result of external market forces. Chapter Two focuses on the changes which occurred in the labour process from the early 1800s to 1898, arguing that the main impetus for change came from mechanisation of harvesting in the 1820s and 1850s. Chapter Three explores the notion of a capitalist farmer and argues that Duckitt and later Ruperti can be categorised as capitalist farmers. The main thrust of their progressive capitalization occurred before the 1850s and it did so as a result of the system of informal credit which existed at farm level among farmers, allowing for re-investment and survival of cash flow. Chapter Four studies the process of proletarianisation which accompanied the capitalist development of the farm and its farmers. While taking account of the existence of a small number (3) of sharecroppers on the farm in the 1840s, 1870s and 1890s, this chapter argues that by the early 1830s, the farm was operating on the back of fully proletarianised labour. Composition of the labour force, wages and tasks, the work of women and the change from resident and permanent to casual labour from the 1820s to the 1890s, form some of the main focuses of this chapter. Chapter Five explores the nature of the relationship between the farmer and workers from 1829 - 1898, the two increasingly alienated from each other by the encroachment of the overseer. It argues that capitalist relations of production developed in the context of paternalism throughout although it was increasingly shaped by the cash-oriented relationship.
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The construction of intimacy in heterosexual, longterm relationships in a South African farmworker communityAdams, Arlene 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Current mainstream theories of intimacy were derived from studies with primarily White,
middle class participants living in developed countries. However, as social contexts shape
people’s definitions, meanings and behaviours, it cannot be assumed that mainstream
intimacy conceptualisations would apply to other populations. Studies of intimacy should be
located in its social and historical context. Previous South African studies of Black and
Coloured couples mainly emphasised HIV/Aids, interpartner violence and gender inequality,
and neglected to investigate positive aspects of intimate lives of poorer communities. A lack
of such context-specific data on how South African men and women construct and
experience intimate relationships hinders appropriate and effective interventions. This study
addressed this research gap by exploring intimacy experiences of long-term heterosexual
adult Coloured couples living in a low-income semi-rural community. The objective of this
qualitative study was to gain an understanding of how the participant couples expressed and
experienced intimacy. The participants were 15 couples (i.e. 30 participants), between the
ages of 23 and 66 years, who had been married or living together for a minimum period of
two years. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore: (i) how couples
understand intimacy, and (ii) how intimacy is expressed and experienced in committed adult
heterosexual relationships. Theoretically, this study was informed by social constructionism
and interviews were analysed using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis method. The
following themes were identified: (i) closeness means being together, (ii) sex and intimacy
(iii) closeness in talking (iv) expressions and experiences of intimacy/closeness through acts
of care, (v) alcohol disrupts closeness (vi) family of origin and the constructions of intimacy;
and (vii) community constructions and norms.
Although much of the international literature suggests that mutual self-disclosure is the
foundation for intimacy, self-disclosure did not feature prominently in the narratives of this
study’s narratives. Closeness was expressed through sharing in practical and tangible ways.
Gender was pertinent to these couples’ experiences and gender roles were fundamental to
their intimacy perceptions and behaviours. Despite some contestations of hegemonic
masculinity and femininity constructions, most of the participants did not demonstrate an active awareness or resistance regarding learned gender roles. They did not seem to consider
these gender roles as problematic, limited or limiting, nor did they indicate alternative gender
ideas. This was attributed partly to poverty and low education levels, which constrain
people’s access to alternative gender perspectives. Religion and community influences also
play an important role in their understanding of their role as partner. Although Christianity
endorses traditional gender ideas, the participants themselves felt that their religious beliefs
and practices facilitated intimate experiences, and prevented alcohol abuse and domestic
violence. In conclusion, implications for policy and practice in terms of gender inequality
and alcohol abuse are discussed, as are the limitations of the study. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Huidige hoofstroom teorieë van intimiteit is afgelei van studies met hoofsaaklik Wit,
middelklas-deelnemers. Aangesien sosiale konteks mense se definisies, betekenis en gedrag
met betrekking tot intimiteit vorm, kan dit egter nie aanvaar word dat die hoofstroom
konseptualisering van intimiteit ook van toepassing sal wees op ander bevolkingsgroepe nie.
Studies van intimiteit moet geleë wees in die sosiale en historiese konteks. 'n Gebrek aan
sodanige konteks-spesifieke data oor hoe verskillende groepe Suid-Afrikaanse mans en vroue
intieme verhoudings verstaan en beleef, kan toepaslike en effektiewe verhouding ingrypings
belemmer. Verder het vorige Suid Afrikaanse studies oor Swart en Kleurling paartjies
hoofsaaklik gefokus op HIV/VIGS, paartjie geweld en geslags ongelykhede en het nagelaat
om positiewe aspekte van die intieme lewe van paartjies in arm gemeenskappe te ondersoek.
Hierdie studiehet hierdie navorsing leemte aangespreek deur te verken hoe hoe langtermyn,
heteroseksuele, volwasse paartjies in 'n lae-inkomste semi-landelike gemeenskap intimiteit
verstaan, beleef en uitdruk.
Die deelnemers was 15 paartjies (d.w.s 30 deelnemers), tussen die ouderdomme van 23 en 66
jaar, wat getroud was of saamgewoon het vir 'n tydperk van ten minste twee jaar.
Kwalitatiewe semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude is gevoer om die volgende te verken: (i) hoe
paartjies intimiteit verstaan, en (ii) hoe intimiteit betoon en ervaar word in toegewyde
volwasse heteroseksuele verhoudings. Die studie is teoreties geskoei op sosiale
konstruktiwisme en onderhoude is ontleed met behulp Braun en Clarke se tematiese analise
metode. Die volgende temas is geïdentifiseer uit die onderhoude: (i) nabyheid beteken om
saam te wees, (ii) seks en intimiteit, (iii) nabyheid deur gesels (iv) uitdrukkings en ervarings
van intimiteit deur dade van sorg, (v) alkohol ontwrig saamwees, (vi) die invloed van die
familie van oorsprong op die konstruksie van intimiteit, (vii) gemeenskap konstruksies en
norme. Alhoewel die internasionale literatuur aandui dat wedersydse selfonthulling die grondslag vir
intimiteit vorm, het self-onthulling nie prominent in die deelnemers se vertellings
voorgekom nie. Nabyheid is eerder beleef en betoon deur praktiese en tasbare dade en gebare.
Geslagsrolle was fundamenteel in paartjies se belewing en uitvoering van intimiteit. Ten
spyte daarvan dat sommige individuele deelnemers hegemoniese geslagsrolle bevraagteken
het, het die meerderheid deelnemers nie ‘n aktiewe bewustheid of weerstand getoon rakende
geleerde geslagsrolle nie. Hulle het skynbaar nie hierdie geslagsrolle as problematies, of
beperkend gesien nie. Hulle het ook nie aangedui dat hulle alternatiewe geslagsrol idees het
nie. Dit word gedeeltelik toegeskryf aan armoede en lae vlakke van onderrig wat mense se
toegang tot alternatiewe geslagsrolle en perspektiewe beperk Godsdiens en gemeenskap
invloede speel ook 'n belangrike rol in hul begrip van hul rol as lewensmaat. Alhoewel
Christenskap tradisionele geslag idees onderskryf, het die deelnemers gevoel dat hulle
godsdienstige oortuigings en praktyke intieme ervarings fasiliteer, asook die misbruik van
alkohol en huishoudelike geweld verhoed. Dit impliseer dat godsdiens bydra by tot die
skepping en instandhouding van manlikheid en vroulikheid idees in hierdie gemeenskap. Ten
slotte, is implikasies vir beleid en praktyk in terme van geslagsongelykheid en
alkoholmisbruik bespreek, asook die beperkinge van die studie.
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A demand analysis of labour in South African agriculture : the effects of labour legislation.Sparrow, Gregory Neal. January 2006 (has links)
Labour legislation was introduced into agriculture in the early 1990s with the Basic
Conditions of Employment Act (BCEA) being gazetted in 1992. Since the mid-1990s "new"
labour legislation pertaining to agriculture has been implemented in South Africa, and
includes the Basic Conditions of Employment Act 75 of 1997 (amended), the Unemployment
Insurance Act 63 of 2001 (amended), the Labour Relations Act (LRA) 66 of 1995, the Land
Reform (Labour Tenants) Act 3 of 1996, the Extension of Security of Tenure Act 62 of 1997,
the Employment Equity Act 55 of 1998, the Skills Development Levies Act 9 of 1999, and
the Sectoral Determination (an amendment of the BCEA 75 of 1997) which includes the
imposition of minimum wages. This study examines the legislation in detail as well as the
implications of this legislation for agricultural labour employment in South Africa. A
relative increase in the cost (transaction and wage) and risk associated with labour motivates
farmers to replace labour with machinery, machinery contractors, labour contractors or new
technologies that are labour-saving. This results in a decrease in the demand for unskilled
workers and higher levels of poverty and unemployment in South Africa.
This study estimates long-run price elasticities of demand for regular labour in South African
(SA) agriculture using both Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression and a Two-stage Least
Squares (2SLS) simultaneous equations model. The 2SLS model includes a labour supply
equation. Secondary data obtained over a 43 year period (1960-2002) from Statistics South
Africa and the Abstract of Agricultural Statistics were used in this study. Both models were
estimated for the period 1960-2002, and included a piecewise slope dummy variable for
wages with the threshold year taken as 1991 to reflect expected changes in farm labour
legislation. Study results show that the estimated long-run price elasticity of demand for
labour for the pre-1991 (i.e., 1960-1990) period was -0,25 for the OLS model and -0,23 for
the 2SLS model suggesting that the demand for regular labour was jnelastic during this
period. For the post-1991 period (1991-2002), the long-run elasticity was estimated as -1,32
for the OLS model and -1,34 for the 2SLS model. This shows a structural change in demand
that questions the appropriateness of minimum wage and other labour legislation that has
raised the cost of regular farm labour in South Africa.
Labour legislation introduced in the early 1990s encouraged farmers to substitute casual
workers for regular workers. However, the inclusion of all casual workers in minimum wage
legislation from 2006 is expected to slow the casualisation of agricultural labour as farmers
turn to labour contractors, chemicals and machinery as the next best substitutes. The study
found that an increase (decrease) in the price of chemicals (pesticides and herbicides for
crops, and labour saving dips and sprays for animals) result in an increase (decrease) in the
demand for regular labour. The demand for labour is also sensitive to changes in real interest
rates (used as a proxy for machinery costs). The cost of capital would decrease (increase) as
interest rates fall (rise), resulting in farmers adopting more (less) machinery and equipment,
causing a decrease (increase) in the demand for regular labour, ceteris paribus.
In order to reverse the regular labour unemployment trend in SA agriculture, government
could choose to adopt more flexible labour market regulations (i.e., legislation regarding the
hiring and dismissing of farm workers, and increases in wages and benefits for the farm
worker could be based on the individual performance of each worker as opposed to
increasing the wages of the entire workforce through minimum wages) which would reduce
labour costs and encourage farmers to employ more labour. / Thesis (M.Agric.Man.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2006.
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Assessing the feasibility of land reform farm equity schemes : a focus on capacity building and empowermentPhayane, Gwendoline Mosela. January 2006 (has links)
This research was undertaken to determine the extent to which share equity schemes have been successful. The research also investigated the possible causes of failure of the established share equity projects and sought to determine the feasibility requirements that may be put in place to ensure success and sustainability of the ventures in support of land reform. The methodology used involved comparing the data gathered from business plans, valuation reports and other project documents from the Department of Land Affairs (DLA) with the information gathered through interviews and observations. The results revealed causes of failure to include the fact that beneficiaries of the investigated equity schemes did not participate in business plan development or implementation and therefore had no sense of ownership in the intended joint ventures. It was also found that none of the business plans included any form of training for capacity building and therefore no mechanism for empowering beneficiaries existed to participate effectively at all levels of the farming enterprise. Furthermore, original farm owners as the majority shareholders tended to re-invest profits into farm assets rather than paying dividends. It was concluded that the inclusion of a training programme in every business plan is crucial to the success of farm share equity ventures as this may enable beneficiaries to be sufficiently empowered to participate effectively at all levels of the business. / Thesis (M.Env.Dev.) - University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2006.
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Labelling to promote broad-based Black economic empowerment in South Africa : a case study of the Thandi empowerment label.Skinner, Cliff. January 2007 (has links)
Broad-based black economic empowerment (BBEE) is a policy objective in South Africa. Farmworker
equity-share schemes (FWES) satisfy several of the empowerment goals specified by the
proposed AgriBEE Scorecard. Information about the costs and benefits of subscribing to an
empowerment label will help managers to make more informed decisions about empowerment and
could therefore promote BBEE. The Thandi label is an initiative to market fruit and wines
originating from FWES and farms operated by previously disadvantaged farmers.
A case study of the Thandi label was undertaken to determine whether or not the accredited
empowerment attribute adds value to Thandi products. An exploratory-explanatory case study was
adopted basing questions largely on the theoretical propositions of asymmetric information, the
benefits of product labelling and the preconditions for a successful label. Primary data were
collected via in-depth interviews with managers of Capespan, The Company of Wine People and
empowerment farms participating in the Thandi label. The study made use of in-depth interviews
with key informants to investigate issues considered (on theoretical grounds) to be critical in
establishing a successful label. Responses were subsequently tabulated and compared, where
relevant, across respondents in order to check for consensus views.
Results indicate that the Thandi label had not succeeded in differentiating fruit, whereas the Thandi
wine label had increased sales revenue and was covering accreditation costs incurred by farms as
well as the recurring costs of maintaining and marketing the label. Thandi fruit had not grown its
share of the domestic or export markets and did not command a price premium, Capespan
subsequently discontinued the Thandi fruit label. Thandi wine, on the other hand, had grown its
export market and consumers were prepared to pay a premium for Thandi wine products.
The data indicate that empowerment attributes were useful in finding shelf space for products, but
that quality is essential to grow market share and to earn price premiums. In short, accredited
empowerment attributes can add value to quality products sold to discerning consumers who lack
information about empowerment and quality attributes at the point of sale. Empowerment labels
must include quality attributes. Government should at least absorb some of the transaction costs
confronting producers and marketing agencies in negotiating standards for farms and firms
participating in generic empowerment labels. It could also offer auditing services to local
accreditation agencies to improve their credibility. Further research estimating consumers'
willingness-to-pay for products branded with empowerment labels is necessary to estimate the size of
premiums that different products may command. / Thesis (M.Ag.Man.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2007.
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