Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Minnesota, 1933. / Cover title. Mimeo. series, no. 3703, of the Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station (with title: Trial and error in farm management) in cover having thesis note, and "Vita" on p. [3]. "The cases and supporting statistics are drawn from three years of intensive study of the methods and experience of 55 farmers in Webster county, Iowa."--P. iii.

Abstract of Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Illinois, 1931. / Vita.

Thesis--Wisconsin. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 271-281).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Cornell University, 1933. / Reprint. Originally published: Chicago, Ill. : University of Chicago Press, 1930. Includes bibliographical references and index.

Thesis (M. Agr. Sc.)--University of Adelaide, 1967. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 178-183).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1969. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1966. / Vita. Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis--University of Chicago. / Bibliography: p. 155-157.

Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / Bibliography. Also available via the Internet.

Landscapes, as well as being physical spaces, are imagined and invested with meaning. The way they are thought about influences what is done to them. Conservation and development programmes in Zimbabwe's south-east 'lowveld' have been rooted in a particular conceptualisation of landscape - as wilderness. This derives from the experiences and priorities of colonial settlers and has had two facets. On the one hand the landscape came to be constituted as one of adventure, mystique and danger - a fearful place that 'pioneers' sought to tame into a productive landscape through cattle ranching or irrigation. On the other hand it has been viewed as a pristine natural landscape that must be preserved, rehabilitated or consciously manufactured. In both these manifestations African people were written out of the landscape. Their uses, perceptions and experiences of this landscape have been ignored in policies deriving from this 'wilderness vision'. Dryland agriculture in the low veld has been regularly dismissed as inappropriate, rather than a key livelihood strategy. Irrigation developments have been biased towards large-scale initiatives in the commercial sector. Livestock management strategies, other than those recommended for commercial ranching, have been discouraged. Wildlife utilisation schemes have delivered minimal returns to communities and imposed coercive regulations on resource use, deepening antagonism over land; but conservation initiatives such as a transfrontier national park are going ahead - bolstered by economic imperatives, global environmental agendas and donor priorities. Land reform has failed to take account of the way the landscape is bound up with identity through its embodiment of ancestral spirits and function as a repository of social memories. The turbulent dynamics around the ongoing farm invasions in Zimbabwe may open space for previously silenced constructions of landscape to influence policy. An awareness of the flexible and multiple nature of livelihood strategies and further debate on the restitution of ancestral lands would go a long way towards improving livelihoods in the lowveld.