本文在分析不同改革運動中的成敗關鍵，文中分析日本明治維新、中國大躍進、文化大革命及改革開放中不同經濟因素之相互影響。文中從歷史中歸納出兩種對工業化及經濟發展最重要的因素：農業生產力及教育水平。日本明治維新及中國文化大革命時農業生產力及教育水平不斷上升，導至社會工業化及經濟發展加速；大躍進時則只有教育水平上升，農業生產力提高，故此工業化最後失敗及經濟水平低下。而把這模型套在改革開放亦同樣有效： 在改革開放時，農業生產力、教育水平、工業化及經濟發展四個指標同時上升。 / Inspired by the Meiji Restoration in Japan and Cultural Revolution in China, we constructed a theoretical model that explained economic performance of both historical episodes. We argued that the two elements: agricultural productivity and human capital are vital for industrialization and hence important for economic growth. In Meiji Restoration and Cultural Revolution, agricultural productivity and human capital both increase. The employment share moving from agricultural sector to non-agricultural sector and positive economic growth were recorded during those two periods of time. The model can also be used to explain the post-reform economic performance in China. We also find qualitative evidence that the lack of one element - agricultural productivity - will not contribute to a successful industrialization and may have adverse effect in economic growth. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Cheung, Ting Yuen Terry. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 40-45). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts also in Chinese. / English Abstract --- p.i / Chinese Abstract --- p.ii / Acknowledgement --- p.iii / Chapter I. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter II. --- Historical Facts --- p.7 / Chapter A. --- Two Historical Episodes with Both Elements --- p.7 / Meiji Restoration --- p.7 / Cultural Revolution --- p.11 / Chapter B. --- A Historical Episode Lack of one Element --- p.14 / Chapter C. --- Summary Note and Application --- p.17 / Chapter III. --- Model --- p.19 / Chapter A. --- Model without Capital --- p.19 / The Environment --- p.19 / Optimization --- p.21 / Comparative Statics --- p.25 / Chapter B. --- Model with Capital --- p.28 / Closed Economy --- p.28 / Small Open Economy --- p.34 / Chapter IV. --- Conclusion and Further Research --- p.35 / Remark for Further Research --- p.37 / Reference --- p.39 / Appendix --- p.45