Orientador: Paulo Cesar Gonçalves / Banca: Wilton Carlos Lima da Silva / Banca: Pablo Oller Mont Serrath / Resumo: Portugal, em 1911, encontrava-se em meio a uma turbulenta mudança política. O recém-instalado governo republicano se pretendeu democrático, defensor do sufrágio universal e solucionador da crise do trabalho no país. Porém, algumas práticas não foram condizentes com a teoria. O reflexo disso veio na Assembleia Nacional Constituinte de 1911. Acreditamos que, ao analisar a instituição que legislava sobre os rumos da República, se deveriam encontrar debates que incluíssem a camada profissional majoritária do país: os trabalhadores rurais. Sublinhamos que esperar uma postura mais incisiva, por parte dos políticos, para com as causas do campo não é anacronismo. Autores como Leon Poinsard, Basílio Teles, José Picão e outros contemporâneos já apontavam o melhor aproveitamento destas classes como chave para a economia nacional, já que eram a principal fonte de exportação do país, além de base para outras indústrias. É sobre esta questão que se debruça o presente trabalho / Abstract: Portugal, in 1911, was in the midst of a turbulent political change. The newly installed Republican government was intended to be democratic, supporter of universal suffrage and solver of the labor crisis in the country. However, some practices were not consistent with the theory. The reflections came in the National Constituent Assembly of 1911. We believe that by analyzing the institution that legislated on the directions of Republic, it should be founded discussions that included the country‟s majoriarian professional class: rural workers. We stress that expect a stronger stance, on the part of politicians, to the causes of that class is not anachronism. Authors like Leon Poinsard, Basílio Teles, José Picão and other contemporaries, already indicated the best use of these classes as the key to the national economy, since they were the main source of export country, as well as basis for other industries. It is on this issue that focuses this work. / Mestre

Orientador: Arthur Bernardes Cecílio Filho / Coorientador: Durvalina Maria mathias dos Santos / Coorientador: Miguel Urrestarzu Gavilán / Banca: Priscila Lupino Gratão / Banca: Bráulio Luciano Alves rezende / Banca: Roberto Botelho Ferraz Branco / Banca: Matheus Saraiva Bianco / Resumo: A crescente demanda da sociedade por alimentos saudáveis e produzidos de forma mais sustentável, impulsionou a agricultura começar a produzir alimentos de forma consorciada, onde em uma mesma área pode-se cultivar duas ou mais espécies. Porém, fatores como as interações fisiológicas, taxas de crescimento e a viabilidade agronômica e econômica das culturas devem ser avaliadas, pelo fato da alface sofrer com o sombreamento causado pelo tomateiro, além da condutividade elétrica utilizada, quando cultivado em substrato. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade agronômica e econômica, além dos parâmetros fisiológicos de trocas gasosas, pigmentos fotossintéticos e crescimento das plantas em cultivo consorciado em relação ao monocultivo, em função das épocas de estabelecimento e da condutividade elétrica da solução nutritiva. Para isso, foram conduzidos dois experimentos, onde no primeiro, conduzido no município de Jaboticabal, SP, avaliou-se a viabilidade agronômica e os parâmetros fisiológicos do consórcio entre alface e tomateiro, em função das épocas de estabelecimentos do consórcio. No segundo, conduzido no município de Almería, Espanha, foi avaliada a viabilidade agronômica e econômica do cultivo consorciado em função da condutividade elétrica da solução nutritiva, ambos conduzidos em casa de vegetação usando como substrato a fibra de casca de coco. No primeiro estudo foi confirmada a viabilidade agronômica e as respostas fisiológicas positivas, quanto às tro... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The increasing demand of society for healthy food produced in a more sustainable way, boosted the agriculture to start producing food using the intercropping way, which means that it is possible cultivate two or more species in the same field. However, factors such as physiological interactions, growth rates, and the agronomic and economic viability of crops should be assessed, since the lettuce suffers with the shading caused by tomato plants, as well as the electrical conductivity used when grown on the substrate. So, the objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic and economic viability, in addition to the physiological parameters of gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments and biomass accumulation of intercropping in relation to monocultures, depending on the seasons of establishment and the electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution. For this, two experiments were conducted. The first was conducted in Jaboticabal, SP and it was evaluated the agronomic viability and physiological parameters of the lettuce intercropped with tomato, according to the seasons of the establishments of the intercropping. The second experiment was conducted in the city of Almeria, Spain and it was evaluated the agronomic and economic viability of intercropping due to the electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution. Both experiments were conducted in a greenhouse using as substrate the coconut husk fiber. The first study confirmed the agronomic viability and positive physiological responses for the gas exchange, chlorophyll pigment content, and growth rate in the lettuce cultivars intercropping with tomato when the lettuce was transplanted in the same day or up to seven days of the tomato transplanting. As the results obtained in the first experiment, it was also observed in the second experiment, the agronomic viability when lettuce ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Enhancement of smallholder production to improve rural livelihood is an important policy goal in developing countries. Research findings indicate that smallholder production can be improved through establishment of new smallholder irrigation schemes, and the rehabilitation of abandoned ones. Smallholder irrigation has a potential to contribute significantly in shifting smallholder farming to commercial farming. Although the roles of irrigating farmers are clearly defined, smallholder farmer’s development results in South Africa have been disappointing. The performance of smallholder irrigation is unsatisfactory. Smallholder irrigation has failed to improve the standard of living and livelihoods of smallholder farmers in South Africa. The majority of farmers are still producing at subsistence level. This study, therefore, aimed to contribute to smallholder irrigation literature in two ways; firstly by evaluating the extent of irrigation participation of smallholder farmers towards commercialization in the study areas. The study also examined the determinants of irrigation participation among smallholder farmers. A sample of 80 households was drawn by random sampling of smallholders in four villages as follows: 40 respondents from Mgxabakazi and Dinizulu villages and 40 respondents from Ncorha flats and Tshatshu. The sample included both irrigators and non-irrigators. Descriptive analysis shows that irrigators had better production and wellbeing than non-irrigators. For the inferential analysis of the data, two models were employed namely, Binary Logistic Regression Model (BRM) and Truncated Regression Model (TRM). The Binary Regression model was used to predict the probability of farmers participating in irrigation schemes. Whether or not a farmer participated in irrigation was introduced as the binary dependent or response variable that could be explained by a range of explanatory or predictor variables such as source of water, land size, ability to sustain business, membership in the scheme, market access, availability of the irrigation system, willingness to irrigate, farming type commercial or subsistence and institutional support services. From these predictor variables, being part of the irrigation, ability to sustain business and market were found to be factors influencing farmer’s decision to participate. The second model required the in-depth investigation of the influence of irrigation participation as reflected by extent of commercialization. In order to do this, the level of commercialization was measured by calculating Household Commercialization Index. Then the truncated regression model (TR) was used to test the factors that affect the level of commercialization for the farmers who are participating in the irrigation schemes.Age, irrigated land, willingness to commercialize and gross value of production were found to exert strong influence on the level of commercialization among farmers participating in irrigation. The study recommends that investments in smallholder irrigation should receive high priority, with emphasis on collective action, promotion of contract farming and strengthening the support services from government and the private sector, and ensuring enhanced access to market to all farmers.

This study sought to probe the exclusion of young people from the land distribution process and therefore, overlooking their economic empowerment and development. The focus was on economic empowerment of the youth to participate meaningfully or undertake agricultural initiatives in the resettlement areas of Mutare district in Zimbabwe; youths’ ownership and control of economic assets. The data was gathered using a case study research design with the qualitative method being the main research approach.

Doctorat en sciences sociales, politiques et économiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

M.Com. (Strategic Management) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

The major objective of this study was to seek a better knowledge and greater understanding of the factors associated with successful pineapple farming in the Eastern Cape Region of the Union of South Africa. As no previous · investigation equally representative of commercial pineapple farming patterns in the Eastern Cape has been made, this study can be regarded as a pilot survey of the labour structures, rates of production, combination of enterprises; marketing channels and the suitability of various districts in the region of study for the production of pineapples. In addition, the history of the pineapple in South Africa will be traced briefly, and the position the Union holds as a supplier of pineapples on the world market, will be investigated. the importance of the Eastern Cape as a producer of pineapples in South Africa is well known, but is also unequivocally illustrated by the information in Table 1. According to estimates made by the Division of Economics and Markets for 1955/56 season, no less than 86.5 percent of the total acreage planted to pineapples in South Africa, was located in this area. Bathurst, East London and Albany, three of the six districts included in the estimate, were particularly prominent. Taken together, they cultivated more than three-quarters of the total area planted to pineapples in the Eastern Cape, and nearly 70 per cent of the total for South Africa. The remaining quarter of the area cultivated in the Eastern Cape was located in the districts of Peddie, Komgha and Alexandria.

As leaders of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), strategic leaders are responsible for strategising, the approach to which is influenced by their cultural paradigm. The effects of this strategising are manifested in the day-to-day activities of these leaders. This study aims to build an understanding of the shared cultural assumptions of strategic leaders in agri-based processing SMEs and how these assumptions affect the strategising activities that are adopted when addressing critical incidents related to the internal integration and external adaptation of the SME. Using Strauss and Corbin‟s (1990) grounded theory method, this study develops a theory titled Conveniencing the Family in Business, which is induced from critical incidents. A sample of critical incidents was gathered from 44 qualitative interviews conducted with strategic leaders of various agri-based processing SMEs operating in Malawi. This study found that strategic leaders display persistent and stable pragmatic business survival mind sets, but dynamic cultural assumptions about relationships with organisation members. The cultural influence of these assumptions is manifested in two distinctive and alternative processes making up the theory of conveniencing the family in business. These are the humanising and commodifying of relationships with organisation members, and they are evident in hostile and friendly business environments, respectively. Humanising of relationships with all members of the organisation builds and capitalises on inclusive, organisation-wide social capital that secures the future of the business. On the other hand, commodifying of relationships with non-family organisation members weakens collective support, which becomes mainly dependent on family and friendship ties. Thus, commodifying of relationships serves to perpetuate the close integration of business activity and family requirements to ultimately convenience the family in business, and represents the desired modus operandi of strategic leaders. As strategic leaders of SMEs have not yet conceptualised this, providing them with the conceptual theory developed here may be helpful towards a consistent re-orientation of the internal organisational support in a way that does not exclude but rather harnesses the wider solidarity of organisation members. The process explained by this theory is iterative, dynamic and distinguishes patterns of relationships amongst organisation members, which either enhances or compromises their collective support for the leaders and the enterprise. This by implication affects the performance of the enterprise. The results of this study are discussed from the perspective of social exchange and social capital theory, thereby contributing to the understanding of the strategising activities of strategic leaders, as well as the processes of building or destroying social capital in this type of enterprise.

Please read the abstract in the 00front part of this document / Thesis (DCom (Agricultural Economics))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development / unrestricted

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Thesis (PhD (Agricultural Economics))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development / unrestricted