published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

Kwong Lop Sam. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong. / Bibliography: leaves 60-63.

徐慧敏. / 論文(碩士) -- 香港中文大學硏究院地理學部, 1997. / 參考文獻: leaves 156-166. / Xu Huimin. / 撮要 --- p.i / 鳴謝 --- p.ii / 目錄 --- p.iii / 表目錄 --- p.ix / 圖目錄 --- p.xii / Chapter 第一章 --- 導論 --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- 引言 --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- 研究目的 --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- 硏究背景 --- p.2 / Chapter 1.4 --- 塵埃的來源 --- p.6 / Chapter 1.5 --- 塵埃與氣象因子 --- p.6 / Chapter 1.6 --- 塵埃的物理及化學成份 --- p.7 / Chapter 1.7 --- 選點 --- p.8 / Chapter 1.8 --- 論文結構 --- p.11 / Chapter 第二章 --- 硏究方法 --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1 --- 引言 --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2 --- 硏究地區 --- p.12 / Chapter 2.3 --- 硏究策略 --- p.15 / Chapter 2.4 --- 監測對象 --- p.15 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- 總懸浮粒子含量 --- p.15 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- 可吸入懸浮粒子含量 --- p.16 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- 顆粒大小及化學成份 --- p.16 / Chapter 2.5 --- 監測點佈局 --- p.18 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- 總懸浮粒子含量 --- p.18 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- 可吸入懸浮粒子含量 --- p.19 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- 塵埃顆粒大小 --- p.20 / Chapter 2.6 --- 監測時間 --- p.20 / Chapter 2.7 --- 監測技巧 --- p.21 / Chapter 2.7.1 --- 總懸浮粒子含量(TSP) --- p.22 / Chapter 2.7.2 --- 可吸入懸浮粒子含量（RSP) --- p.24 / Chapter 2.7.3 --- 塵埃的物理及化學特性 --- p.26 / Chapter a) --- 塵埃顆粒大小 --- p.26 / Chapter b) --- 塵埃化學成份 --- p.27 / Chapter 2.7.4 --- 氣象的資料 --- p.28 / Chapter 2.8 --- 數據處理 --- p.29 / Chapter 2.8.1 --- 富集因子 --- p.29 / Chapter 2.8.2 --- 因子分析 --- p.30 / Chapter 2.8.3 --- 空間的差異 --- p.30 / Chapter 2.8.4 --- 時間上的差異 --- p.31 / Chapter 2.8.5 --- 主要成份分析 --- p.31 / Chapter 2.8.6 --- 塵埃與天氣因子的關係 --- p.32 / Chapter 第三章 --- 塵埃在空間上的分佈及差異 --- p.33 / Chapter 3.1 --- 引言 --- p.33 / Chapter 3.2 --- 過往硏究 --- p.33 / Chapter 3.3 --- 總懸浮粒子含量（TSP) --- p.35 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- 監測點的污染程度 --- p.35 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- 總懸浮粒子含量在空間上的分佈情況 --- p.36 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- 塵埃的高峰水平的空間差異 --- p.38 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- 塵埃的低水平的空間差異 --- p.39 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- 監測點之間總懸浮粒子含量的相關系數 --- p.40 / Chapter 3.4 --- 可吸入懸浮粒子含量在空間上的分佈及差異 --- p.44 / Chapter 3.5 --- 中文大學的塵埃量與其他香港地方之比較 --- p.46 / Chapter 3.6 --- 討論 --- p.46 / Chapter 3.6.1 --- 與污染源…公路的距離 --- p.48 / Chapter 3.6.2 --- 盛行風向的影響 --- p.49 / Chapter 3.7 --- 小結 --- p.51 / Chapter 第四章 --- 塵埃在時間上的變化及差異 --- p.52 / Chapter 4.1 --- 引言 --- p.52 / Chapter 4.2 --- 過往硏究 --- p.52 / Chapter 4.3 --- 硏究結果 --- p.55 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- 總懸浮粒子含量(TSP) --- p.55 / Chapter 4.3.1.1 --- 季節的汚染程度 --- p.55 / Chapter 4.3.1.2 --- 總懸浮粒子在季節上含量分佈的情況 --- p.56 / Chapter 4.3.1.3 --- 塵埃的高峰水平季節差異(Peak dust level) --- p.58 / Chapter 4.3.1.4 --- 塵埃的低水平的季節差異(Trough dust level) --- p.60 / Chapter 4.3.1.5 --- 小結 --- p.62 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- 可吸入懸浮粒子含量在時間上的差異 --- p.62 / Chapter 4.3.2.1 --- 可吸入懸浮粒子在季節上的差異 --- p.63 / Chapter 4.3.2.2 --- 可吸入懸浮粒子含量在晝夜間的變化 --- p.66 / Chapter a) --- 變化規律 --- p.66 / Chapter b) --- 變化規律在月份上的差異 --- p.68 / Chapter 4.3.2.3 --- 可吸入懸浮粒子最高百分之五濃度及最低 百分之五濃度 --- p.68 / Chapter 4.3.2.4 --- 小結 --- p.72 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- 中大的總懸浮粒子含量與市區各點比較 --- p.72 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- 中大的可吸入懸浮粒子含量與市區各點比較 --- p.72 / Chapter 4.4 --- 討論 --- p.74 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- 塵埃在季節上的差異 --- p.74 / Chapter 4.4.1.1 --- 小結 --- p.79 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- 可吸入懸浮粒子含量在晝夜間的變化 --- p.79 / Chapter a) --- 晝夜間的塵埃變化與人文活動的關係 --- p.79 / Chapter b) --- 晝夜間的塵埃變化與風速之關係 --- p.83 / Chapter c) --- 海、陸和風跟可吸入懸浮粒子晝夜間變化的關係 --- p.84 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- 總結 --- p.87 / Chapter 第五章 --- 塵埃的元素濃度及顆粒大小 / Chapter 5.1 --- 引言 --- p.88 / Chapter 5.2 --- 元素濃度 --- p.88 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- 過往硏究 --- p.88 / Chapter 5.2.1.1 --- 富集因子(Enrichment factor-EF) --- p.89 / Chapter 5.2.1.2 --- 因子分析(Factor Analysis) --- p.91 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- 結果 --- p.92 / Chapter 5.2.2.1 --- 塵埃中元素濃度分佈與地域及季節的差別 --- p.92 / Chapter a) --- 空間分佈及差異 --- p.92 / Chapter b) --- 元素濃度在季節上的差異 --- p.95 / Chapter c) --- 中文大學的元素濃度與香港市區的情況比較 --- p.100 / Chapter 5.2.2.2 --- 富集程度 --- p.100 / Chapter a) --- 各元素的富集情況 --- p.101 / Chapter b) --- 富集因子在季節上的變化 --- p.103 / Chapter c) --- 中文大學塵埃元素的富集程度與其他硏究的比較 --- p.103 / Chapter 5.2.2.3 --- 因子分析 --- p.105 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- 討論 --- p.106 / Chapter 5.2.3.1 --- 空間差異 --- p.106 / Chapter 5.2.3.2 --- 季節之變化 --- p.107 / Chapter 5.2.3.3 --- 中文大學塵埃元素之來源 --- p.110 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- 小結 --- p.111 / Chapter 5.3 --- 塵埃顆粒大小 --- p.111 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- 過往硏究 --- p.111 / Chapter a) --- 顆粒大小 --- p.111 / Chapter b) --- 來源 --- p.112 / Chapter c) --- 成份 --- p.112 / Chapter d) --- 影響 --- p.112 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- 結果及討論 --- p.114 / Chapter 5.3.2.1 --- 塵埃顆粒大小在各監測月份的分佈情況 --- p.114 / Chapter 5.3.2.2 --- 塵埃顆粒大小的晝夜變化（diurnal variation) --- p.117 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- 小結 --- p.122 / Chapter 第六章 --- 塵埃與天氣因素的關係 --- p.124 / Chapter 6.1 --- 引言 --- p.124 / Chapter 6.2 --- 過往硏究 --- p.124 / Chapter 6.3 --- 數據及處理方法 --- p.128 / Chapter 6.4 --- 結果及討論 --- p.129 / Chapter 6.4.1 --- 各天氣類型及其特色 --- p.129 / Chapter 6.4.2 --- 天氣類型與塵埃之關係 --- p.132 / Chapter a) --- 高塵埃的天氣類型 --- p.136 / Chapter b) --- 低塵埃量的天氣類型 --- p.138 / Chapter 6.4.3 --- 天氣因子與塵埃之關係 --- p.139 / Chapter 6.5 --- 總結 --- p.143 / Chapter 第七章 --- 總結 --- p.145 / Chapter 7.1 --- 引言 --- p.145 / Chapter 7.2 --- 主要硏究結果 --- p.145 / Chapter 7.2.1 --- 空間差異 --- p.145 / Chapter 7.2.2 --- 時間變化 --- p.146 / Chapter 7.2.3 --- 元素濃度 --- p.148 / Chapter 7.2.4 --- 顆粒大小 --- p.149 / Chapter 7.2.5 --- 天氣類型 --- p.150 / Chapter 7.3 --- 硏究結果的含義 --- p.151 / Chapter 7.4 --- 本硏究的限制 --- p.154 / Chapter 7.5 --- 展望 --- p.155 / 參考書目 --- p.156

published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

published_or_final_version / Public Health / Master / Master of Public Health

Thanks to globalization, which leads to an ever increasing growth in international trade and inevitably a vast emergence in shipping activities, environmental impact is receiving increasing attention around the world. Maritime industry is under great pressure to improve its performance towards greener practices. This study attempts to provide an insight to the feasible adoption of onshore power system (OPS) for ocean-going vessels (OGVs) in the container terminals in Hong Kong. Given that OGVs are the major contributors to pollutants like carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur oxides (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx), hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and various particulate matter (PM), it is of overriding importance to tackle and rectify the environmental impact of these pollutants, in particular in a densely populated port city like Hong Kong. As such, main focuses in this study laid in the environmental and financial benefits in adopting OPS technology in the container terminals in Hong Kong. Information of container vessel arrivals and engine emissions at Kwai Chung-Tsing Yi Container Terminals (KTCT) in 2011 are analyzed. By employing the energy-based approach, it is revealed that the use of OPS at KTCT could substantially reduce the CO2, SOx, NOx and PM10 levels within Hong Kong waters by 16%, 84%, 95% and 94% respectively. In addition, as far as financial benefits are concerned, this study adopted the life cycle cost analysis (LCCA), in which the capital investment cost, operational cost and maintenance cost of OPS are taken into account. Analytical data provide sound return on investment with a discounted payback period as low as 6.4 years, and up to 29% of annual energy cost saving when compared with traditional diesel powered OGVs as well. To further support the feasible implementation of OPS in Hong Kong, some real-life cases over the globe are gathered to contrast the successful adoption of OPS. Altogether with the recent compromised international standards for OPS and more stringent emission regulations enacted by International Maritime Organization (IMO), European Commission (EC) and California Air Resources Board (CARB), the commission of OPS in the container terminals in Hong Kong is just around the corner. This dissertation provides innovative management measures from an environmental perspective to promote the adoption of OPS at KTCT. Besides, incentive policy from the HKSAR Government should be expedited, stimulating the sustainable industrial practice in Hong Kong. / published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

published_or_final_version / Community Medicine / Master / Master of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Community Medicine / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy