Introduction Air ambulances transport patients to their home country or to centres of medical excellence when they are critically ill or injured. From stranded hikers to cancer patients, individuals worldwide use air ambulance transport when they need care that cannot be provided in the country or area where they are situated. Aim The overall aim of this study was to explore the challenges experienced by health care professionals during air ambulance transport of patients in sub-Saharan Africa. Research method A quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive, exploratory design was used. The study was conducted in three phases. Phase 1 was the planning of the questionnaire, Phase 2 was the pre-testing of the questionnaire and Phase 3 was the execution phase in which the questionnaires were distributed, and data were captured and analysed. Results The researcher used the data generated from the questionnaires to indicate short falls within air ambulance transport services in sub-Saharan Africa. Conclusion The researcher made recommendations in order to increase the level of air ambulance services in sub-Saharan Africa. / Dissertation (MCur)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Nursing Science / unrestricted