O intenso crescimento populacional associado à demanda excessiva de água, principalmente em grandes centros urbanos, tem comprometido de forma significativa os recursos hídricos tornando-os escassos em muitas regiões. Frente a este cenário a adoção de medidas que proporcionem a conservação da água nas diversas atividades nas quais ela é utilizada é de grande relevância. Neste contexto, medidas como o uso racional e a prática do reúso de água são opções que devem ser consideradas para combater a escassez induzida. No caso do reúso de água é possível utilizar efluentes, tratados ou não, como fonte alternativa às demandas para usos menos restritivos, preservando a água de melhor qualidade para aplicações mais nobres, como o consumo humano. Assim, neste trabalho foi avaliada a viabilidade técnica da utilização de efluentes secundários submetidos ao tratamento complementar por membranas de ultrafiltração, do tipo fibra oca, para atendimento de demandas não potáveis em sistemas aeroportuários. O estudo foi desenvolvido através da operação de uma unidade piloto de membranas, instalada na saída do sistema de esgotamento sanitário do Aeroporto Internacional de São Paulo/Guarulhos Governador André Franco Montoro. Por meio de ensaios específicos as condições ótimas de operação foram estabelecidas, pressão de 0,9 bar (90 kPa), frequência de retrolavagem de 40 minutos e frequência de limpeza de 200 h, sendo que a taxa de recuperação de água no sistema permaneceu em torno de 70%. O desempenho do sistema em relação à remoção de contaminantes foi avaliado verificando-se as porcentagens de remoção de Cor, Turbidez, DBO5,20, DQO, Carbono Orgânico Dissolvido, Absorbância de radiação UV (254 nm) e Coliformes Termotolerantes, obtendo-se remoções de 89%, 99%, 70%, 78%, 80%, 36% e 100%, respectivamente. Com base nos resultados das análises foi possível concluir que a água produzida pelo sistema de membranas apresenta potencial para atender aos seguintes usos não potáveis: irrigação de áreas verdes, descargas em bacias sanitárias e mictórios, lavagem de pitas e reserva para combate a incêndios. Como a água produzida pelo sistema de membranas apresentou concentrações elevadas de Nitrogênio Amoniacal, Fosfato e Matéria Orgânica recomenda-se um estudo mais detalhado da estação de tratamento biológico, antes de utilizar para atender a esse fim. / The excessive demand for water associated with intense population growth, principally in large urban centers, has significantly compromised water resources and transformed the situation in many regions to a scarcity status. Faced with this scenario, it is of great relevance to adopt measures that promote the conservation of water, through various activities and uses. In this context, rational water use and water reuse are measures that should be considered to tackle the induced shortage. In the case of water reuse, it is possible to use effluents, treated or untreated, as an alternate source for uses that have less stringent quality standards. This in turn, preserves the higher quality water for more demanding water uses, such as human consumption. In this study, we evaluated the technical feasibility of the use of secondary effluents, subjected to ultrafiltration membrane treatment (hollow fiber), to meet the non-potable demands of airport systems. The study was conducted with a pilot plant membrane, installed and operated at the sewage system discharge at the International Airport of São Paulo/Guarulhos Governor André Franco Montoro. Specific tests were conducted to establish optimum operation conditions: 0.9 bar (90 kPa) of pressure, a backwash frequency of 40 minutes, a cleaning frequency of 200 hours, and a recovery rate maintained around 70%. The system performance with respect to contaminant removal was evaluated by determining the percent removal of color, turbidity, BOD5, 20, COD, dissolved organic carbon, UV Absorbance (254 nm), and coliform, which yielded removals of 89%, 99%, 70%, 78%, 80%, 36%, and 100%, respectively. Based on analysis results, it was concluded that the water produced by the membrane system has the potential to supply the following non-potable uses: irrigation of green areas, discharges in toilets and urinals, floor washing, and firefighting reserves. As the water produced by the membrane system had high concentrations of ammoniacal nitrogen, phosphate, and organic matter, a more detailed study is recommended before using the effluent in cooling towers.

O intenso crescimento populacional associado à demanda excessiva de água, principalmente em grandes centros urbanos, tem comprometido de forma significativa os recursos hídricos tornando-os escassos em muitas regiões. Frente a este cenário a adoção de medidas que proporcionem a conservação da água nas diversas atividades nas quais ela é utilizada é de grande relevância. Neste contexto, medidas como o uso racional e a prática do reúso de água são opções que devem ser consideradas para combater a escassez induzida. No caso do reúso de água é possível utilizar efluentes, tratados ou não, como fonte alternativa às demandas para usos menos restritivos, preservando a água de melhor qualidade para aplicações mais nobres, como o consumo humano. Assim, neste trabalho foi avaliada a viabilidade técnica da utilização de efluentes secundários submetidos ao tratamento complementar por membranas de ultrafiltração, do tipo fibra oca, para atendimento de demandas não potáveis em sistemas aeroportuários. O estudo foi desenvolvido através da operação de uma unidade piloto de membranas, instalada na saída do sistema de esgotamento sanitário do Aeroporto Internacional de São Paulo/Guarulhos Governador André Franco Montoro. Por meio de ensaios específicos as condições ótimas de operação foram estabelecidas, pressão de 0,9 bar (90 kPa), frequência de retrolavagem de 40 minutos e frequência de limpeza de 200 h, sendo que a taxa de recuperação de água no sistema permaneceu em torno de 70%. O desempenho do sistema em relação à remoção de contaminantes foi avaliado verificando-se as porcentagens de remoção de Cor, Turbidez, DBO5,20, DQO, Carbono Orgânico Dissolvido, Absorbância de radiação UV (254 nm) e Coliformes Termotolerantes, obtendo-se remoções de 89%, 99%, 70%, 78%, 80%, 36% e 100%, respectivamente. Com base nos resultados das análises foi possível concluir que a água produzida pelo sistema de membranas apresenta potencial para atender aos seguintes usos não potáveis: irrigação de áreas verdes, descargas em bacias sanitárias e mictórios, lavagem de pitas e reserva para combate a incêndios. Como a água produzida pelo sistema de membranas apresentou concentrações elevadas de Nitrogênio Amoniacal, Fosfato e Matéria Orgânica recomenda-se um estudo mais detalhado da estação de tratamento biológico, antes de utilizar para atender a esse fim. / The excessive demand for water associated with intense population growth, principally in large urban centers, has significantly compromised water resources and transformed the situation in many regions to a scarcity status. Faced with this scenario, it is of great relevance to adopt measures that promote the conservation of water, through various activities and uses. In this context, rational water use and water reuse are measures that should be considered to tackle the induced shortage. In the case of water reuse, it is possible to use effluents, treated or untreated, as an alternate source for uses that have less stringent quality standards. This in turn, preserves the higher quality water for more demanding water uses, such as human consumption. In this study, we evaluated the technical feasibility of the use of secondary effluents, subjected to ultrafiltration membrane treatment (hollow fiber), to meet the non-potable demands of airport systems. The study was conducted with a pilot plant membrane, installed and operated at the sewage system discharge at the International Airport of São Paulo/Guarulhos Governor André Franco Montoro. Specific tests were conducted to establish optimum operation conditions: 0.9 bar (90 kPa) of pressure, a backwash frequency of 40 minutes, a cleaning frequency of 200 hours, and a recovery rate maintained around 70%. The system performance with respect to contaminant removal was evaluated by determining the percent removal of color, turbidity, BOD5, 20, COD, dissolved organic carbon, UV Absorbance (254 nm), and coliform, which yielded removals of 89%, 99%, 70%, 78%, 80%, 36%, and 100%, respectively. Based on analysis results, it was concluded that the water produced by the membrane system has the potential to supply the following non-potable uses: irrigation of green areas, discharges in toilets and urinals, floor washing, and firefighting reserves. As the water produced by the membrane system had high concentrations of ammoniacal nitrogen, phosphate, and organic matter, a more detailed study is recommended before using the effluent in cooling towers.

The evolution of the airport business is demonstrated by airports that are adopting new business strategies and commercial models, which allow them to be, for example, service providers instead of real-estate managers, with the focus on cost reduction and increasing non-aeronautical (commercial) revenues. Information technology (IT) can be used by airports to achieve their business goals, such as enhancing performance by delivering cost reductions and generating additional revenue streams. Airports operate in an increasingly competitive and dynamic market, with the aim of attracting a larger share of hub traffic from neighbouring airports. Therefore, financial and operational performance will be key elements for airlines when choosing a new airport destination. The research shows that airports are more focused on passenger satisfaction, resulting in airport performance indicators that have the passenger at its operational core and performance targets (e.g. Airport Service Quality passenger satisfaction survey). IT plays an important role in increasing airport performance through the automation of processes such as the deployment of common-use check-in desks and self-service check-in kiosks. Studies of other industries have shown evidence that IT impacts firm performance, but there have been few studies related to the airport industry. Thus, the aim of this research is to assess the relationship between IT and airport performance, and it proposes a conceptual framework to assess the relationship between IT and airport performance by drawing from studies in other industries. Two methodologies were used in this research, the first one was the case study, and the second one was the online survey. The case studies consisted of 16 faceto- face interviews with senior staff representing two airports in Asia, one airport in Australia, and one airport in Europe. The case studies result show that there is a relationship between IT and airport performance ... [cont.].

The evolution of the airport business is demonstrated by airports that are adopting new business strategies and commercial models, which allow them to be, for example, service providers instead of real-estate managers, with the focus on cost reduction and increasing non-aeronautical (commercial) revenues. Information technology (IT) can be used by airports to achieve their business goals, such as enhancing performance by delivering cost reductions and generating additional revenue streams. Airports operate in an increasingly competitive and dynamic market, with the aim of attracting a larger share of hub traffic from neighbouring airports. Therefore, financial and operational performance will be key elements for airlines when choosing a new airport destination. The research shows that airports are more focused on passenger satisfaction, resulting in airport performance indicators that have the passenger at its operational core and performance targets (e.g. Airport Service Quality passenger satisfaction survey). IT plays an important role in increasing airport performance through the automation of processes such as the deployment of common-use check-in desks and self-service check-in kiosks. Studies of other industries have shown evidence that IT impacts firm performance, but there have been few studies related to the airport industry. Thus, the aim of this research is to assess the relationship between IT and airport performance, and it proposes a conceptual framework to assess the relationship between IT and airport performance by drawing from studies in other industries. Two methodologies were used in this research, the first one was the case study, and the second one was the online survey. The case studies consisted of 16 faceto- face interviews with senior staff representing two airports in Asia, one airport in Australia, and one airport in Europe. The case studies result show that there is a relationship between IT and airport performance ... [cont.].