The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the physical requirements of a building suitable for the future needs of the State Government of Alaska; and to design a building which will be both adequate and appropriate for the state capitol. The writer, in order to produce a more meaningful thesis, made a personal investigation of the site. He spent a period of three months in Juneau, Alaska doing research and generally familiarizing himself with all aspects of the problem. The present congested character of the site makes it of paramount importance to provide as much open space as possible around the capitol group in order to let it be seen to best advantage. Attractively landscaped, the plazas at the base of the government buildings fulfill an important aesthetic function by providing a setting for the buildings. On the capitol site, several related plazas are developed with contrasting architectural masses. The contrast between the vertical office building and the horizontal Capitol creates a striking architectural composition. The balance between these two elements, gives the true impression of an underlying relationship of functional importance and symbolic significance. Taking advantage of the differences in the heights of the plazas, the development provides as much space as is practical for parking, trucking, and other service needs. The principle has been maintained that those people working daily at the capitol must have the benefit of sun and natural light, and a feeling of free space and verdure. Therefore, a skyscraper has been designed for the bureaucracy of the state. This building is designed to allow a flexible pattern of interior areas, which may be easily and economically rearranged to suit changing needs. Similarly, while the main building masses will determine the composition and use of the land area, much of the space can be kept free for future construction that may be in harmony with the pattern already laid down. Placed within the plazas the capitol buildings achieve their proper architectural importance. One hopes, therefore, that there may develop, as an extension of the city’s planning program, an urban environment of park, waterscape, and residences, a unit properly related to the state government buildings, and one which will create an effective setting for the capitol. There is a unique opportunity for creating a civic center, and for an urban reorganization of important parts of the city in tune with the hopes which are held by the farsighted men who have the development of Juneau, Capital of Alaska, in their hands. / Master of Science

The 57 m.y. Middle Fork Plutonic Complex (M FPC) intrudes Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks south of the Farewell Fault zone in the north-central Alaska Range. Though spatially related to the late Cretaceous - Early Tertiary subduction-related Alaska Range batholith, MFPC is more characteristic of an extensional or anorogenic setting. A swarm of basalt, hawaiite and rhyolite dikes east of the complex intruded, and was intruded by, the plutonic rocks. Approximately 30% of the exposed rock in the 125 km² complex is hedenbergite - fayalite syenite, ≃20% is peralkaline arfvedsonite - biotite alkali-feldspar granite (AF granite), and ≤20% is pyroxene - olivine - biotite gabbro. The rest is a mixed unit including clinopyroxene - biotite - amphibole diorite, and hornblende - biotite granite (HB granite). K-Ar and Rb-Sr radiometric dating of rock types shows that they are coeval. Their close spatial and temporal relationships led to complex magmatic interactions. Calculated initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr for gabbro and diorite group around 0.705 to 0.706. HB granites are heterogeneous, but fall mostly around 0.707 to 0.708. Hypersolvus syenites and AF granites form an isochron with initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr of 0.70965. These groupings suggest that at least three different magmas formed the MFPC; scatter of isotopic data reflects mu- tual contamination and assimilation. Trends in whole rock and mineral chemistry also reflect interactions between the magmas. Consanguinous hypersolvus syenite and AF granite mineralogy appears to be controlled by fluorine in the magma chamber. Magmatic mineral assemblages reflect increasingly reduced magmatic conditions; subsolidus oxidation, indicated by mafic mineralogy and cathodoluminescence, is due to magmatic process rather than introduction of external components. Eruptive stratigraphy, as predicted by intrusive history of MFPC, compares favorably with volcanic stratigraphies of peralkaline volcanic systems worldwide, and MFPC may be modelled as the root zone of a peralkaline volcanic system. The common absence of mafic volcanism during peralkaline volcanic activity may be due to entrapment of mafic magmas within the peralkaline magma chamber. The result of this entrapment is seen at the present level of erosion of MFPC, as extensive mafic enclave swarms and pull-apart dikes within syenites in the pluton's core. / Ph. D.

A petrographic study of upper Devonian sandstones (Endicott and Hammond Terranes), Philip Smith Mountains and Arctic quadrangles, Brooks Range, Alaska, shows that the sand-sized detritus was derived from two petrographic provenances. Detrital modes, calculated from point counts of thin sections, show that the provenance for the Devonian clastic wedge (Endicott Terrane) was a recycled orogenic belt with major components of quartz, chert, and lithic fragments. Three petrofacies are distinguished. Their distribution indicates compositional changes vertically and laterally which reflect changing compositions in the source area. A petrographically different provenance supplied the sandstones that overlie the Skajit Limestone (Hammond Terrane). Characterized by high feldspar and abundant volcanic rock fragments, this petrofacies indicates first-cycle deposition close to the source area. A magmatica arc provenance is suggested.

Graduation date: 1969

Physical sources of nutrient nitrogen for the Auke Bay, Alaska estuarine ecosystem were investigated. These sources included vertical dispersion, advection, and fresh water sources. Hydrographic circulation patterns for the bay, and a nutrient budget for the surface mixed layer were developed. Measurements of temperature, salinity, currents, wind velocity, rainfall and runoff from the major streams and river influencing Auke Bay were made during the spring and summer of 1971. initial hydrographic and nutrient data (total available nitrogen and nitrate) from early spring were taken during a cruise of R/V Cayuse. Nutrient concentration of nitrate and ammonia in Auke Bay and the fresh water sources entering Auke Bay were measured on a weekly basis from July to September. Vertical mixing rates of 0.42 cubic meters per day were calculated for those times wind mixing did not occur. Mixing rates of 1.2 cubic meters/day were calculated for wind mixed conditions. Vertical dispersion through the pycnocline provided the major source of nutrients for summer phytoplankton production. Fresh water sources provided negligible amounts of nutrients. Average vertical transport of nitrate and ammonia when wind mixing did not occur were 0.5 mg-at/m²/day and 0.3 mg-at/m²/day respectively. During wind mixing, 3.0 mg-at/m²/day for nitrate and 2.0 mg-at/m²/day for ammonia were supplied to the mixed layer. Estimate productivity based on these calculations ranges from an average 100 mgC/m²/day during non wind mixed conditions to 600 mgC/m²/day during wind mixed conditions. / Graduation date: 1973

In the British Columbia Coast Mountains most dendroclimatological and dendroglaciological studies have focused on developing insights from tree‐ring sites located in the southern and central regions. By contrast relatively few studies have been conducted in the northwestern Coast Mountains, where exploratory studies reveal that significant climate‐radial growth relationships exist. The purpose of this study was to develop a proxy record of climate change from tree rings and to reconstruct the late Holocene glacial history of two outlet glaciers spilling eastward from th e Cambria Icefield. Dendroclimate investigations were conducted using mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana) trees growing on three high‐elevation montane slopes. The three stands located along a 35 km transect cross date to form a master chronology for the region spanning 409 years (1596 to 2007 A.D.). Correlation analyses show that the radial growth of the regional tree‐ring chronology corresponds to variations in the mean June‐July‐August (JJA) air temperature. The relationship between the two variables was used to reconstruct mean JJA air temperature from 1680 to 2007 A.D.). The reconstruction illustrates warm and cool intervals that are synchronous ito those derived from other paleoenvironmental research in this region. The proxy record also highlights annual to inter‐decadal climate variability likely resulting from atmospheric‐ocean circulation patterns described by the El Niño‐Southern Oscillat ion and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. The late Holocene behaviour of White and South Flat glaciers was investigated using radiocarbon dating techniques, dendrochronological cross‐dating techniques and geomorphological analysis of sedimentary units within the White and South Flat glacier forefields. Evidence for a First Millennial Advance (FMA) cumulating around 650 A.D. and early Little Ice Age (LIA) advances at 1200 and 1400 A.D. were documented. These advances are contemporaneous with the late Holocene activity of glaciers throughout the region, suggesting coherent broad‐scale climate forcing mechanisms have influence glacial mass balance regimes over at least the last two millennia. The dendroclimatological and dendroglaciological findings of the study provide the first annually‐resolved climate record for the region and help to enhance our understanding of late‐Holocene glacier behaviour in the Cambria Icefield Area. The thesis documents the complex interactions between climate and the radial growth of mountain hemlock trees in the Pacific Northwest, and describes the role that long‐term climate variability played in glacier dynamics during the FMA and LIA. / Graduate

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington. / Bibliography: l. 390-414.

Thesis (M. S.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Geological Sciences, 2006. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on June 19, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 51-54). Also issued in print.

Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Civil-Military Relations)--Naval Postgraduate School, Sept. 2004. / Thesis Advisor(s): Harold A. Trinkunas. Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-88). Also available online.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin, 1971. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 70-72).