Diss.--Berlin--Freie Universität, 1991. / Bibliogr. p. [412]-428. Index.

La thèse reconstruit la carrière ecclésiastique de Giovanni Girolamo Albani (1509-1591), en en faisant le porte-parole de la période contre-réformiste. Nous avons commencé par retracer les origines de la famille Albani, et sa montée en puissance au début du XVIe siècle, en la situant dans l’histoire de Bergame. Trois chapitres sont consacrés à l’analyse de trois traités d’Albani, publiés à la veille du Concile de Trente. Ainsi, le De Cardinalatu (1541) et le De potestate papae et concilii (1544) tissent une relation de dépendance entre le pouvoir du Collège cardinalice et du concile, et celui des papes : pour Albani, la seule garantie contre le péril de la Réforme est un gouvernement centralisé et vertical. Le Liber pro oppugnata Romani Pontifici dignitate (1547) est, au contraire, une oeuvre apologétique qui attaque frontalement deux écrits de Luther et Calvin. Par ailleurs, à l’occasion de l’enquête menée contre l’évêque de Bergame en 1551, la thèse reconstruit la collaboration d’Albani avec les inquisiteurs. Grâce à la rencontre de l’inquisiteur Michele Ghislieri, futur Pie V, Albani est nommé cardinal en 1570. Nous avons essayé de retracer son activité politique et curiale, de visualiser sa place dans le Collège cardinalice, mais également de comprendre ses alliances familiales, ses rapports avec l’Espagne et notamment, la raison de sa neutralité durant la guerre de factions qui divisait le Sacre collège, particulièrement à l’occasion des conclaves. Au cours d'un chapitre, nous avons analysé des prophéties qui, selon des familiares de l’Albani, auraient prédit l’élection pontifical du cardinale. / This thesis is about the life and work of Giovanni Girolamo Albani (1509-1591). It begins with the study of the rise of the Albani family in Bergamo. It is followed by an analysis of the three books published by Albani on the eve of the Council of Trent. The De Cardinalatu (1541) and the De potestate papae et concilii (1544) defend the papal authority from the demands of the cardinals and the councils. Albani argued that the Church should react against the Reform by concentrating the power in Peter's seat. Liber pro oppugnata Romani Pontifici dignitate (1547) takes the Pope’s side in the controversy that arose after the attacks of Luther and Jean Calvin. Then, the thesis examines the reasons for Albani’s cardinal promotion in 1570. It focuses especially on the aid he gave to the Inquisition in 1536, and in 1551 during the investigation against Bergamo’s bishop led by Michele Ghislieri (who later became pope Pius V). The thesis tries to retrace Albani’s curial activity from 1569 to 1591, his role in the College of Cardinals, his family’s networks and his relations with Spain. Special attention is given to his neutral position during the conclaves and the strategies used by competing factions of cardinals. In particular, a chapter focuses on a group of letters in which some familiares of the cardinal talk about prophecies that foresee the imminent death of the pope, nurturing among Albani’s entourage the hope to see their master elected.

Pendant l’été 2012, des sondages d’archéologie préventive réalisés à Ciampino, au Sud-Ouest de Rome ont mis en lumière les vestiges d’une luxueuse villa romaine attribuables, dans sa première phase, à l’époque augustéenne et des sculptures en marbre représentant le groupe des Niobides retrouvé dans la natatio de la villa. La découverte déjà ancienne, dans le même lieu de notre fouille, d’un tuyau en plomb au nom de Valerius Messala avait fait justement penser que la villa était une des résidences suburbaines de la puissante famille sénatoriale des Valerii. La zone de la recherche, appelée Mur/s des Français, fait partie des derniers contreforts des Colli Albani, un ensemble de reliefs qui descend vers la Campagne Romaine au Sud Ouest de Rome. Du point de vue géomorphologique, il s'agit d'une plaine traversée par de nombreux fossés naturels et par un petit relief qui formait un lien naturel entre les Colli Albani et la vallée du Tibre. Il est donc l’un des secteurs les plus importants pour l’implantation de villas à la fois agricoles et résidentielles de l’aristocratie romaine. Les statues des Niobides appartiennent à une version semblable à celle conservée au Musée des Uffizi de Florence, dont elle diffère légèrement en raison de la présence de quelques types nouveaux et du rendement iconographiques de certains détails. Cet aspect à offert justement des éléments novateurs sur le plan de la connaissance et de l’interprétation, puisqu’il s’agit du seul groupe à être été découvert dans un site archéologique méthodiquement étudié. La recherche a été développée à travers deux moments principaux : la récolte et l'analyse critique des données d'archives et, en ce qui concerne la recherche sur le terrain, l'analyse des stratigraphies des maçonneries et de leurs relevés, en vue d’acquérir des informations sur les structures. L’analyse et l’examen archéométrique de certains matériaux provenant de la fouille nous ont permis de déterminer la chronologie du site. / In summer 2012 a luxuriosus roman villa, dated to augustean age, is been discovered during an archeological escavation in Ciampino (Rome). A group of marble statues, showing the Niobids, is finded into the natatio pool. During the XIX century, in the same place, a lead pipe mentioning Valerius Messalla was discovered; this finding suggested that the villa was owned by this powerful senatorial gens. The research area, called Muro/Muri dei Francesi, is located beyond the last slope of Alban Hills in their congiuction point with Campagna Romana plan, in Rome's South-East suburbium. The plan, from the geo-morphological point of view, is crossed by a several natural ditches and a low straight ridge who link the Alban Hills to Tiber river valley: therefore – also tanks to the development of ancient roads network – this area well be one of most populated by roman aristocracy villas. The Ciampino's Niobids are similars to Florence Uffizi Museum Group, but different for the presence of some unknown characters and for iconographic rendering of details. This offer new possibilities for the knowledge and interpetation of the first Niobides group of which we dispose of an archaeological data set. The two research approaches are been: the collection and critical analysis of archives documents dated at XIX century and, as regards fieldwork research, the stratigraphic analysis of the available masonry structures (excavated for less than 40%), with the complementary realisation of detailed relief and graphic documentation. At last, the study and documentation of the archaeological materials coming from the excavation, which allowed, with sufficient tolerance, the chronology of the site to be determined.

Nuovi dati e considerazioni sulla biografia e gli scritti di Carlo Bianconi che emergono principalmente dallo spoglio di materiale archivistico inedito. Con questo studio viene ad essere chiarita la fase formativa di Bianconi cresciuto in una casa di bibliofili e collezionisti d’arte. Aggiornato sulle elaborazioni teoriche di Winckelmann e Mengs entrambi conosciuti personalmente, lo vedono progressivamente avvicinarsi e aderire ai modi del classicismo, mediato anche dal rapporto instaurato con Francesco Algarotti, a cui viene in questa sede ridato valore. Uno spiraglio viene aperto sul biennio trascorso a Roma, la frequentazione del cardinale Albani e sul viaggio a Napoli con importanti risvolti per la sua maturazione intellettuale. Seguono i motivi della scelta di Bianconi a segretario dell’Accademia di Brera, le sue iniziative a livello didattico e il rapporto con Carlo di Firmian. Vengono, di volta in volta ricordati i suoi numerosi corrispondenti, la sua produzione figurativa e soprattutto commentati i suoi scritti editi (guide di Bologna e Milano) e inediti (Vitruvio, scritti teorici sull’origine dell’architettura e dell’incisione, orazioni) e riconsiderata la collaborazione all’Enciclopedia Metodica di Pietro Zani. Artista, collezionista, scrittore d’arte e insegnante, immerso in una temperie di matrice razionalista è precoce assertore dei dettami del nuovo gusto per il classico. / New information and analysis about Carlo Bianconi’s biography and writings mainly appear from unpublished archival material bare. This work allows to clarify the education of Bianconi, who grew up in a family of bibliophiles and art collectors. He kept abreast of theoretical development of Winckelmann and Mengs, who personally knew and he gradually moved closer and accepted the models of the classicism that was also mediated by the relationship established with Francesco Algarotti, who is here reevaluate. Regarding his two-year period spent in Rome, the relationship with the Cardinal Albani and moreover his trip to Naples, a glimmer is opened, with important implications for his intellectual maturity. Furthermore, there are: the reason regarding the choice of Bianconi as Secretary of the Academy of Brera, his educational initiatives and the relationship with Carlo di Firmian. From time to time, his many correspondents, his figurative works of art and especially his published writings were commented (for example the guide of Bologna and Milan) and his unpublished writings (such as Vitruvius, theoretical writings on the origin of architecture and engraving, orations) are remembered and also the collaboration with the Enciclopedia Metodica of Pietro Zani is reconsidered. Artist, collector, art writer and teacher, immersed in a climate of a Rationalism, he is a early supporter of the new taste for the classic.