La nutrición es un fenómeno peculiar y activo de los seres vivientes en su constante proceso de intercambio con el medio ambiente. Objetivo. Se evaluó el efecto histomorfológico en la mandíbula de ratas albinas sometidas a dieta deficiente en proteína con diferentes concentraciones de hierro. Metodología. La muestra fue de 24 ratas albinas Holzman machos; de 21 días de nacidas, agrupadas en 4 grupos experimentales, alimentadas “ad libitum” durante 46 días; grupo A (control) recibió proteína 10g.hierro 29 mg./100g.,grupo B recibió proteína 10g., hierro 46 mg. /100g; grupo C proteína 5g. Hierro 29 mg/100g); grupo D proteína 5g., hierro 46 mg/100mg.Se controló el peso corporal y consumo del alimento. La medición anatómica de la mandíbula (longitudinal vertical, grosor del cuerpo, longitud vertical rama) y primera molar inferior.(longitud coronal y mesiodistal), análisis y conteo celular de los elementos estructurales del complejo dentino-pulpar,del periodonto de inserción y del cóndilo. Resultados. Existen cambios histomorfológicos en el complejo dentino-pulpar, periodonto de inserción y cóndilo, traducidos en disminución de los elementos celulares, capa dentinaria disminuida, zona acelular de weil evidente; presencia de grupos isogénicos nodulares, e hipertróficos en el grupo C, y grupos isogénicos columnares alternando con zonas nodulares hipertróficas en el grupo D del cóndilo. En ratas albinas sometidas a dieta proteína 5g, hierro 26mg /100g.y 46 mg/100g) grupos C y D. Conclusiones. Las dietas deficientes en proteína y diferentes concentraciones de hierro (proteína 5g, hierro 29,46 mg /100g) producen cambios histomorfológicos de la mandíbula, disminuyendo la capa dentinaria, los odontoblastos y fibroblastos pulpares, las fibras colágenas, disminución del número de fibroblastos, cementoblastos, osteoblastos, osteocitos y osteoclastos; disminución del número de condroblastos, condrocitos. Disminución en el peso corporal, longitud y grosor de la de la mandíbula; longitud coronal y diámetro mesiodistal de la primera molar de las ratas. Palabras claves: mandíbula, proteínas, hierro, complejo dentino –pulpar, periodonto de inserción. / --- Nutrition is a phenomenon peculiar and active living beings in their ongoing process of exchange with the environment Objective. Histomorphological effect the jaw albino rats subjected to proteindeficient diet with different iron concentrations assessed. Methodology. The sample consisted of 24 male albino rats Holzman; 21 days old, grouped into 4 experimental groups fed "ad libitum" for 46 days; Group A (control) received 29 mg protein 10g.hierro. / 100 g., group B received 10g protein., 46 mg iron. / 100g; 5g protein C group. Iron 29 mg / 100g); Group D protein 5g., 46 mg iron / 100mg, The anatomical jaw (vertical longitudinal body thickness, vertical branch length) and lower first molar. (coronal and mesiodistal length) cell count analysis and structural elements of the dentin-pulp complex periodontal insertion and the condyle. Result. Existen histomorphological changes in the dentin-pulp, periodontal insertion and condyle translated in decreased cellular elements, earmark layer decreased, acellular obvious area wiel complex; periodontal membrane stage, presence of nodular isogenic groups, and hypertrophic in group C, columnar and nodular isogenic groups alternating with hypertrophic zones in group D condyle. In rats subjected to diet 5g protein, iron /100g.y 26mg 46 mg / 100g) groups C and D. Conclusions. Diets deficient in protein (5g protein, iron 29.46 mg / 100g), and different iron concentration, produces histomorphological effect the jaw rats; reducing dentin layer, pulp odontoblasts and fibroblasts, collagen fibers, reducing the number of fibroblasts, cementoblasts, osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts; fewer chondroblasts, chondrocytes. Decrease in body weight, length and thickness of the jaw; coronal mesiodistal length and diameter of the first molar of the rats. Keywords: jaw, protein, iron, -pulpar dentin complex

This thesis utilizes a lens of environmental justice to analyze the history of Portland, Oregon and the formation of the Albina neighborhood in North Portland to understand how this community became a space of environmental inequality. Portland has been a leader in sustainable development, and yet, even with its successes, the city either been unable or unwilling to address the disproportionate impacts of environmental hazardss on low-income and communities of color in Albina. Through an examination of Portland’s history of segregation, stigmatization of Albina and its residents, housing policies, and urban renewal as they relate to Albina, this thesis traces the processes of covert institutional racism that have resulted in Albina being targeted by environmental risks. The environmental inequality faced by the Albina community stems from a history rooted in segregation and the stigmatization of people and place, through blatant racism, conscious policy making, as well as more discrete and unacknowledged forms of racism that serves to perpetuate the social and environmental problems that confront the community. Furthermore, the city’s attempts to address these issues through urban renewal projects have led to the displacement and gentrification of Albina residents. To address these issues of environmental inequality, there must first be an understanding of the processes and institutions that formed and have perpetuated these inequalities.

Submitted by Irvana Coutinho (irvana@ufpa.br) on 2013-03-11T13:30:05Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_NeurodegeneracaCronicaModelo.pdf: 398103 bytes, checksum: 1158dd5775b60cdfa0112ee00a8c5381 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Rosa Silva(arosa@ufpa.br) on 2013-03-21T13:41:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_NeurodegeneracaCronicaModelo.pdf: 398103 bytes, checksum: 1158dd5775b60cdfa0112ee00a8c5381 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-03-21T13:41:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_NeurodegeneracaCronicaModelo.pdf: 398103 bytes, checksum: 1158dd5775b60cdfa0112ee00a8c5381 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / No presente trabalho implantou-se como modelo experimental para estudos de neurodegeneração crônica a doença prion induzida pelo agente ME7 em fêmea adulta no camundongo Suíço albino. As alterações comportamentais e neuropatológicas seguem de perto as previamente descritas para o camundongo C57BL/6j com duas exceções: 1) o septum ao invés do hipocampo é a região onde se detectou mais precocemente o maior número de microglias ativadas e astrócitos reativos e onde houve a maior redução de redes perineuronais nos estágios iniciais da doença; 2) Em relação ao C57BL/6j o curso temporal da doença é em média 4 semanas mais longo (26 semanas) e os sintomas iniciais começam a aparecer 4 semanas mais tarde (16 semanas) na variedade Suíça albina. Semelhante ao encontrado no C57BL/6j não se encontrou diferença nas estimativas do número de neurônios nos animais inoculados com o agente ME7 em relação aos inoculados com homogenado cerebral normal 15 e 1 8 semanas após a inoculação. A análise comparada do número de microglias ativadas astrócitos reativos e redes perineuronais empregando o fracionador óptico revelou diferenças significativas nos animais sacrificados na 15ª em relação aos sacrificados na 18ª semana pós-inoculação, com aumento do número das primeiras e redução do número das últimas na 18ª semana (teste T, bi-caudal p<0.05). A análise de cluster seguida da análise discriminante dos resultados dos testes comportamentais da variedade Suíça albina aplicada a cada quinzena ao longo do curso temporal da doença, revelou que a remoção de comida é a única variável discriminante para detecção de dois grupos distintos: um grupo menor (em torno de 40%, n=4), mais sensível, onde a doença cursa mais rápido e os animais atingem a fase terminal em 22 semanas, e outro maior (em torno de 60%, n=6), menos sensível, onde os animais atingem a fase terminal em 26 semanas. Os resultados são importantes para estudos comparativos de imunopatologia dentro da mesma e entre variedades de modelos murinos de neurodegeneração crônica na doença prion induzida pelo agente ME7. / In the present report we described behavioral and neuropathological changes induced by ME7 prion agent inoculated into CA1 of the albino Swiss mice and confirmed previous descriptions in the murine model of prion disease C57Bl6J with two exceptions: 1) septal region present higher level of microglial activation and reactive astrocytosis 2) disease progression (from inoculation to death) is 4 weeks longer and on average, early behavioral changes start correspondently 4 weeks later in albino Swiss mice. Neuronal counts did not reveal any significant changes between the experimental groups. Comparative analysis of activated microglia and perineuronal nets by optical fractionators revealed significant differences between 15 and 18 weeks: the microglial total number increased in this period of time whereas perineuronal nets decreased (t test, two-tailed analysis p<0.05) Cluster and discriminant subsequent analysis applied to behavioral studies revealed that burrowing activity distinguished the occurrence of two subgroups with differential sensitivity to the ME7 agent: one group (40% of the subjects) where the disease progression is faster and the terminal stage is reached in 22 weeks and another one (60%) with slower progression and terminal stage at 26 weeks post-inoculation. The results are important for comparative studies of the immunoneuropathology of chronic neurodegenerative disorders in general and for prion disease itself.

In recent decades, scholars have praised Portland as a model for urban planning and citizen participation. This thesis complicates Portland's rose-colored image by situating it within recent histories on the long civil rights movement in the West, the Black Panther Party, and civil rights and metropolitan space. The history of Portland's Black Panthers represents an important moment for the black freedom struggle in Northeast Portland's Albina district and for the city's approach to urban planning. Excluded from politics, spatially confined, and subjected to destructive urban renewal projects by the 1960s, blacks in Albina experimented with innovative forms of political participation. These approaches ranged from moderate demands for neighborhood involvement with urban planners to radical, separatist opposition. Although the Panthers' vision of socioeconomic uplift and community control declined, a citywide revolution in politics co-opted their approach, responded to moderate voices, and dismantled much of the undemocratic planning structure in the 1970s. / 2016-02-01

This project is a descriptive study of the Albina Youth Opportunity School of Portland, Oregon. The school is described as one whose primary function is to help disadvantaged students who have extreme social and academic problems. The study focused on the students' perception of their teachers, who are defined by the school as teacher-counselors. Of the seventy full-time students, sixty-five participated in the study, and five refused to do so. The major questions of the study were concerned with the students' assessment of the teacher-counselors characteristics. Main areas for exploration dealt with the students' perception of the role of a teacher-counselor in relation to their specific needs. Factors taken into consideration were sex, age, length of attendance at the school, and the student's belief that the teacher-counselor liked or disliked him. A questionnaire was administered to each student in order to determine his assessment of the teacher-counselor role. Date was analyzed with the help of scale-measured attitudes of variables dealing with teaching and counseling items and tests of significance. Indices were computed from the data. Descriptive statistics included the use of frequency distribution, percentages, means, medians, and correlations. Study findings indicated that some students see the role differently, and some differences were difficult to interpret in terms of specific traits. There were differences in perception associated with the factors of sex, end length of attendance at the school. The findings suggest that the student's belief that the teacher-counselor like or dislike s him or her is associated with perception. They also yield evidence that the students perceive the teacher-counselor concept as a duel role. Implications are that the students who attend this school are being provided learning environment which is helpful to their needs.

Housing embodies much more than just a physical commodity. In addition to being an investment, it is our shelter, right to privacy, connection to community, and access to recreation and necessities. Homeownership has long been hailed by social and housing advocates as an economic stabilizer for low to moderate-income neighborhoods. For low and moderate-income residents (households earning 50-100% of the median income), homeownership is possible in two forms: affordable market-rate housing created by the filtering down of houses until affordable to low and moderate-income households, or through subsidized homeownership programs which develop new housing and offer financial assistance for low and moderate-income households. The purpose of this study was to detem1ine which of these two options, market-rate or subsidized, offer higher quality affordable housing to low and moderate-level income households. Through field observation and GIS analysis, the study compared the structural, block, neighborhood amenity, crime, and proximity to CBD characteristics of affordable market-rate and subsidized houses in Portland's Albina Community. The study samples were approximately 100 houses per sample; market-rate houses consisted of houses that sold during 2000 for $125,000 or less, and subsidized houses were selected from housing created by three local non-profit development agencies. General characteristics of the two samples revealed subsidized houses were larger and more affordable per square foot than the market-rate houses in Albina. Descriptive statistics showed little overall difference between the two samples in structural, block, neighborhood amenity, and crime characteristics. However, distribution of the two samples varied widely, and consequently subsidized houses were 1 to 2 miles closer to the CBD than market-rate houses. While quality between the two types of affordable housing is currently comparable, the study suggests these trends may soon be threatened by future maintenance needs and neighborhood upgrading.

Informe de Seminario para optar al grado de Licenciado en Lengua y Literatura Hisp?nica menci?n Literatura / Como ya se ha dicho, Jodorowsky es un autor que inmediatamente evoca lo fant?stico, pero dicha relaci?n pareciera estar motivada m?s por la mera presentaci?n de sucesos sobrenaturales que la cr?tica no se ha preocupado de desentra?ar, que por una continuaci?n contempor?nea del g?nero inaugurado por Potocki . Los elementos simb?licos presentes en el cuento y -c?mo no- en la novela parecieran desviar o disipar la aparici?n de lo fant?stico, en tanto presencia de lo sobrenatural entendida como cuestionamiento de un orden establecido que se rige por leyes muy cercanas (y por qu? no las mismas) a las de la realidad racional extratextual. En este sentido tenemos que "el mundo de las hadas es un universo maravilloso que se a?ade al mundo real sin atentar contra ?l ni destruir su coherencia. Lo fant?stico, al contrario, manifiesta un esc?ndalo, una rajadura, una irrupci?n ins?lita, casi insoportable en el mundo real" . Esta afirmaci?n, en la que el "mundo de las hadas" est? en reemplazo por un mundo de orden maravilloso, nos permite un primer acercamiento hacia la problematizaci?n de lo fant?stico en la novela mencionada, que sin lugar a dudas conviene revisar detenidamente al interior del texto, en tanto configuraci?n del mundo representado. La finalidad de este trabajo es (como el p?rrafo anterior lo menciona) problematizar la inclusi?n de la novela en el g?nero fant?stico. Para dicho prop?sito se ocupar? un marco te?rico basado en diferentes autores que tratan el tema de lo fant?stico, entre los que resaltan Roger Caillois (Im?genes, im?genes) y Tzvetan Todorov (Introducci?n a la literatura fant?stica) por ser autores que se preocupan particularmente de la relaci?n de lo fant?stico, con otros g?neros m?s precisamente delimitados, en especial (para el caso) el maravilloso.