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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF ETHANOL METABOLISM IN LIVER

PANDE, PARAG M. January 2007 (has links)
No description available.
2

SELF-REGULATION AND LIVER FUNCTION: EXPANDING AN ECOLOGICAL MODEL

Eisenlohr-Moul, Tory Anne 01 January 2011 (has links)
Under conditions of high self-regulatory effort, peripheral organ systems have been found to slow, potentially to rearrange energetic priorities in favor of the brain. The present study tested an expansion of this model by exploring the possibility that alcohol metabolism (i.e., liver function) may slow during self-regulation. We also anticipated that high trait self-control would attenuate the effect of condition on metabolism. Twelve males aged 21-25 completed two conditions in counterbalanced order. During each session, the participant received 0.33 ml/kg of absolute alcohol for a target peak blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.03 g%. Participants then performed tasks (self-regulatory tasks in the high self-regulation condition and identical tasks without a self-regulatory component in the low self-regulation condition) and BAC was measured throughout. Although there was no main effect of condition, trait self-regulation moderated the effect of condition on alcohol metabolism such that only those with lower trait self-control had slower alcohol metabolism under high self-regulatory effort. These results provide support for the hypothesis that liver function may indeed be altered by self-regulatory effort. In addition to suggesting the liver as a target organ for psychophysiological research, these data provide further support for slowing of peripheral systems during high self-regulatory demand.
3

Efeitos do consumo agudo e crônico de etanol sobre as funções mitocondriais : estudos em ratos Wistar (Rattus novergicus) / Effects of short and long-term ethanol consumption on mitochondrial functions : studies in Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus)

Ravagnani, Felipe Gustavo, 1984- 23 August 2018 (has links)
Orientadores: Anibal Eugenio Vercesi, Nadja Cristhina de Souza Pinto / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T03:45:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ravagnani_FelipeGustavo_D.pdf: 7335132 bytes, checksum: 7043cdada57a4c0242520d7fcb95daeb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O número de indivíduos que sofrem com patologias associadas ao consumo abusivo de etanol tem aumentado significativamente no último século. Como consequência desse fato, os custos associados ao tratamento do alcoolismo, bem como das doenças associadas a ele também têm aumentado, onerando o sistema de saúde e se tornando um problema de saúde pública de grande relevância atualmente. Os mecanismos moleculares que desencadeiam muitas dessas doenças não estão completamente esclarecidos. O tecido hepático é o mais afetado pelo etanol e as mitocôndrias têm sido apontadas como alvos cruciais na toxicidade hepática induzida pelo álcool. Logo, o objetivo desse trabalho foi investigar como o consumo de etanol afeta o estado redox e o metabolismo mitocondriais no fígado. Ratos Wistar machos adultos jovens e de meia-idade receberam ad libitum solução alcoólica 25% (v/v) como única fonte de líquido. Os grupos controle receberam somente água. Ambos os grupos receberam ração ad libitum. Mitocôndrias hepáticas foram isoladas usando técnicas padrão. O consumo de ração e de líquidos foi significativamente menor em animais que ingeriram álcool, resultando em menor ganho de massa corpórea nos protocolos utilizados. As mitocôndrias dos animais que consumiram etanol apresentaram menores níveis de respiração em condição basal e quando energizadas com substratos respiratórios. A atividade e os níveis protéicos de citocromo c oxidase foi menor nos grupos tratados com etanol. Independente da duração do período de tratamento, mitocôndrias hepáticas de animais que ingeriram álcool foram menos susceptíveis à transição de permeabilidade mitocondrial induzida por cálcio, quando comparadas às mitocôndrias dos animais do grupo controle. Esse efeito foi revertido pela adição de oxidantes de nucleotídeos de piridina (acetoacetato, diamida ou tert butil-hidroperóxido) ou em mitocôndrias desacopladas. Também houve aumento em nucleotídeos de piridina na forma reduzida e aumento na razão NAD(P)H/NAD(P)+ em mitôndrias hepáticas de ratos consumidores de etanol. Em concordância a esses dados, houve aumento na capacidade de retenção de cálcio, processo que é dependente do estado redox intramitocondrial. Por outro lado, não houve diferença na produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio entre os grupos controle e tratados com álcool. A atividade de glutationa peroxidase e as quantidades de GSH e de GSSG também não sofreram alterações. Entretanto, houve redução nos níveis de DNA mitocondrial nos tratamentos agudos, porém com tendência para retornar aos níveis normais nos tratamentos crônicos, indicando uma resposta adaptativa à injúria induzida pelo etanol. Em conjunto, nossos resultados indicam que o consumo de etanol modula o estado redox mitocondrial e de sistemas antioxidantes, prevenindo a abertura do poro de transição de permeabilidade mitocondrial. A presença desse xenobiótico no fígado também altera significativamente os níveis de NADP reduzido, agente redutor final para o sistema glutationa redutase/peroxidase que detoxifica H2O2 na matriz mitocondrial. Além disso, a resposta adaptativa ao álcool observada no DNA mitocondrial pode contribuir para compreender melhor os mecanismos envolvidos no reparo de lesões a biomoléculas e os estágios iniciais de adaptação a esse xenobiótico, etapas que precedem a morte celular, hepatite alcoólica ou carcinogênese em tecido hepático exposto cronicamente ao etanol / Abstract: The number of people suffering from alcoholism has increased significantly over the last century. As a result, costs associated with treating the addiction itself as well as the associated pathologies have also increased, such that this is considered as public health issue. Furthermore, the molecular events leading to several of these diseases are not yet clearly understood. Hepatic tissue is the most affected by alcohol, and mitochondria have been suggested to be a crucial target in alcohol-induced liver toxicity. Thus, the aim of our study was to investigate how ethanol consumption affects the redox state and mitochondrial metabolism in the liver. Young adult and middle-aged male Wistar rats were given a 25 % (v/v) ethanol solution as the only source of drinking water. Control groups received water only. Liver mitochondria were isolated using standard techniques. Food and water intake was significantly lower in alcohol-drinking rats, resulting in lower weight gain during the treatment regimes. Mitochondria from the alcohol-drinking group had lower respiration under levels in basal condition, when energized by substrates feeding electrons into complexes I and IV. Cytochrome c oxidase activity and protein levels were lower in the alcohol group as well. Additionally, regardless of the length of the treatment, liver mitochondria from the alcohol-treated animals were more resistant to Ca2+-induced mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT), when compared to mitochondria from control animals. This effect was abrogated by oxidizing agents of pyridine nucleotides (acetoacetate, diamide or tert butylhydroperoxide) or in uncoupled mitochondria. We also found that liver mitochondria from the alcohol-drinking rats had a more reduced pyridine nucleotide pool and higher NAD(P)H/NAD(P)+ ratios. In addition, Nampt (an enzyme of the NAD+ synthetic pathway) protein levels did not differ after alcohol consumption. Accordingly, the calcium retention capacity of the isolated mitochondria, which is dependent upon intramitochondrial redox state, was higher in the alcohol group. On the other hand, levels of reactive oxygen species showed no differences between the control and alcohol groups, both in mitochondria and in splenic lymphocytes. Glutathione peroxidase activity and the amounts of GSH and GSSG were also not changed. However, mitochondrial DNA levels were decreased in the short term treatments, but tended to go back up to normal levels in the chronic treatments, indicating an adaptative response to ethanol-induced injury. Together, our results indicate that ethanol consumption modulates the mitochondrial redox state and the antioxidant systems, protecting against Ca2+-induced mitochondrial pore transition permeability opening. The presence of this xenobiotic can significantly change the levels of reduced NADP, the ultimate reducing agent in the gluthatione reductase/peroxidase system that detoxifies H2O2 in the mitochondrial matrix. In addition, the adaptative response to ethanol, seen in mitochondrial DNA, may contribute to further understand the mechanisms related to lesions in biomolecules and the initial steps that preceed cell death, alcoholic hepatitis or carcinogenic process in hepatic tissue exposed chronically to ethanol / Doutorado / Biologia Estrutural, Celular, Molecular e do Desenvolvimento / Doutor em Fisiopatologia Medica

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