Diss.--Göttingen. / Lebenslauf. Bibliography: p. 77-83.

Diss.--Göttingen. / Lebenslauf. Bibliography: p. 77-83.

Le verbe innu accueille à la fin de son radical verbal une classe de morphèmes nommés les finales. Certaines de ces finales peuvent, dans les verbes de déplacement, définir la manière dont le déplacement est effectué ou en préciser la cause. L'objet de cette étude est de caractériser la sémantique de ces finales et ce faisant du verbe en son entier. Nous cherchons à comprendre comment s'encodent sur un verbe morphologiquement complexe les différents éléments véhiculant un sens de déplacement, afin de dégager les patrons de formation du verbe de déplacement innu. Pour ce faire, nous analyserons nos données à l'aide des patrons de lexicalisation d'un événement de mouvement proposés dans Talmy (1985, 2000). Le corpus, de nature lexicale, est constitué des verbes de déplacement complexes dans lesquels le sujet est l'acteur du déplacement. Ce mémoire s'inscrit dans le groupe de recherche sur la grammaire innue dirigé par Lynn Drapeau et financé par une subvention du CRSH (Conseil de Recherche en Sciences Humaines du Canada # 856-2004-1068). ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Innu, Algonquien, Sémantique cognitive, Verbes de déplacement.

This study investigates the distribution and functional guild structure of the bee community in hardwood stands of Algonquin Provincial Park under different logging regimes, assessing both the role of different aspects of the habitat in affecting this distribution and structure, as well as the use of different sampling techniques. The distribution of bee individuals and species was most dependent on the abundance of raspberry (Rubus strigosus), an important floral and nesting resource. Also of importance were total floral resources, microclimate, and habitat heterogeneity. The functional guild structure of the bee community, which was relatively resilient to habitat variation, was related to a greater variety of factors, reflecting wide-ranging behaviours and requirements of different guilds. Malaise traps, pan traps and nets varied in their effectiveness at collecting different bee genera and a high percentage of species were collected only with one trap type. Malaise traps performed relatively poorly in forested environments, though very well in more disturbed, open habitats. Pan traps and nets performed better in forested environments. Trap nests were an inefficient sampling technique in forests, but were effective at collecting some species of cavity-nesting bees. These findings underline the importance of raspberry for bee communities of northern hardwood forests, and the importance of heterogeneity, both of habitat types and sampling techniques, to attain the highest species richness of bees.

La diversité des ciscos des Grands Lacs Laurentiens (Coregonus artedi, sensu lato) provient de multiples événements de divergence adaptative locale. Cette diversité est aujourd’hui en partie disparue et menacée. Par exemple, la forme nigripinnis est disparue des Grands Lacs mais existe toujours dans le lac Nipigon. La découverte récente de cisco ressemblant à nigripinnis en sympatrie avec artedi dans des lacs reliques d’un exutoire historique du lac proglaciaire Algonquin en Ontario met de l'avant l’hypothèse évolutive selon laquelle ces formes auraient pu coloniser ce territoire en tant que lignées préexistantes. Cette région pourrait donc être dépositaire de la diversité historique des Grands Lacs. Alternativement, nigripinnis pourrait provenir de radiation in situ. L’objectif de ce mémoire est de décrire la diversité phénotypique des nigripinnis et artedi dans cette région, puis de déterminer leur origine évolutive. Pour ce faire, plus de 500 ciscos ont été catégorisés selon deux méthodes de groupements, soit l’habitat de capture (benthique ou pélagique) et le nombre de branchicténies, puis comparés par leur morphologie et leur génétique. Les résultats démontrent un parallélisme de différenciation éco-morphologique entre ces paires de populations et les ciscos artedi et nigripinnis du lac Nipigon. Les branchicténies, le pédoncule caudal et la profondeur du corps étaient les traits les plus différenciés entre les groupes de ciscos. Les analyses génétiques effectuées sur 6676 marqueurs de polymorphisme nucléotidique (SNPs) indiquent que les populations de nigripinnis récemment découvertes dans le Parc provincial Algonquin proviennent d’une colonisation postglaciaire par une lignée atlantique et de divergences in situ répétées. Un continuum de divergence écologique, morphologique et génétique est observé entre les paires de ciscos et pourrait être associé à l’utilisation de ressources alimentaires alternatives. Ce projet confirme la présence de nigripinnis à l’extérieur du lac Nipigon par une approche comparative et intégrative. Ces populations de nigripinnis pourraient être utilisées comme source pour le rétablissement de la diversité fonctionnelle des Grands Lacs. / Laurentian Great Lakes ciscoes (Coregonus artedi, sensu lato) diversity arose via repeated local adaptive divergence. Much of this diversity has vanished or is threatened. For instance, the nigripinnis form is now extirpated from the Great Lakes but remains in L. Nipigon. Ciscoes with some characteristics of nigripinnis have recently been discovered with sympatric artedi in lakes historically covered by the Fossmill outlet, a proglacial drainage of L. Algonquin. This raises the evolutionary hypothesis that artedi and nigripinnis could have colonized the area as distinct pre-existing lineages. Hence, putative nigripinnis may represent a relict embodiment of the historical diversity of ciscoes from the Great Lakes. The objective of this research was to characterize the phenotypic diversity and the evolution of newly observed putative nigripinnis and artedi. To do so, fish were grouped by habitat of capture (benthic and pelagic) and by gill raker counts and contrasted morphologically and genetically. Differentiation within and across lakes was often observed and paralleled that of artedi and nigripinnis in L. Nipigon. Gill rakers, caudal peduncle and body depth were the most important traits differentiating cisco forms. These traits are associated with varying foraging and locomotion strategies. Genetic analyses using 6676 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) markers show that nigripinnis populations found in and nearby Algonquin Provincial Park origin from an Atlantic glacial lineage and repeated in situ divergence. Pairs of sympatric ciscoes were on a continuum of ecological, morphological and genetic differentiation across lakes. The divergence of nigripinnis could be associated to different resource exploitation, such as alternative zooplankton prey. This thesis confirms, by a comparative and integrative approach, the occurrence of a nigripinnis form with an independent evolutionary origin relatively to reference nigripinnis in L. Nipigon. The newly discovered nigripinnis populations could be source for the reestablishment of the functional diversity of the Great Lakes.

Archival records are essential for understanding changes in the environment. However, these records are largely ignored by archivists, who overwhelmingly focus on records of human history. Algonquin Provincial Park in east-central Ontario was established in 1893 and is the oldest park in the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Provincial Parks system. In addition to the many official functions and activities that occur in Algonquin Provincial Park, it is host to extensive environmental monitoring, assessment and research. However, no adequate system is in place to ensure that the records of archival value are identified, appraised, and preserved. An appraisal methodology is required to assist archivists to identify environmental records of long-term value. Using Algonquin Provincial Park as a case study, through primary source analysis of its structures and functions and comparisons with other park systems, various archival appraisal theories and methodologies are tested in order to determine the best method for appraising environmental records in general and the records of parks. It is determined that macroappraisal is the best method for appraising only the records created by the official functions and activities of Algonquin Provincial Park. However, the park depends on and interacts with many external affiliated organizations, including the Algonquin Forestry Authority, The Friends of Algonquin Park, Algonquins of Golden Lake First Nation, leaseholders, researchers, protest groups, anglers, businesses and contractors. The creation of environmental monitoring, assessment and research records is increasingly accomplished external to official government functions and activities. Many of these external groups create environmental records of archival value, yet, no formal strategy to preserve irreplaceable records is implemented in Algonquin Park. Elements from archival appraisal methodologies such as macroappraisal, the documentation strategy and the Minnesota Method are helpful for determining the relative archival value, and therefore level of documentation, of these external individuals, groups and organizations. This combination of methodologies is the most effective for ensuring the preservation of important environmental information and subsequently the environment. Various preservation partnership strategies are also suggested for these records identified as having archival value. / October 2006

Archival records are essential for understanding changes in the environment. However, these records are largely ignored by archivists, who overwhelmingly focus on records of human history. Algonquin Provincial Park in east-central Ontario was established in 1893 and is the oldest park in the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Provincial Parks system. In addition to the many official functions and activities that occur in Algonquin Provincial Park, it is host to extensive environmental monitoring, assessment and research. However, no adequate system is in place to ensure that the records of archival value are identified, appraised, and preserved. An appraisal methodology is required to assist archivists to identify environmental records of long-term value. Using Algonquin Provincial Park as a case study, through primary source analysis of its structures and functions and comparisons with other park systems, various archival appraisal theories and methodologies are tested in order to determine the best method for appraising environmental records in general and the records of parks. It is determined that macroappraisal is the best method for appraising only the records created by the official functions and activities of Algonquin Provincial Park. However, the park depends on and interacts with many external affiliated organizations, including the Algonquin Forestry Authority, The Friends of Algonquin Park, Algonquins of Golden Lake First Nation, leaseholders, researchers, protest groups, anglers, businesses and contractors. The creation of environmental monitoring, assessment and research records is increasingly accomplished external to official government functions and activities. Many of these external groups create environmental records of archival value, yet, no formal strategy to preserve irreplaceable records is implemented in Algonquin Park. Elements from archival appraisal methodologies such as macroappraisal, the documentation strategy and the Minnesota Method are helpful for determining the relative archival value, and therefore level of documentation, of these external individuals, groups and organizations. This combination of methodologies is the most effective for ensuring the preservation of important environmental information and subsequently the environment. Various preservation partnership strategies are also suggested for these records identified as having archival value.

Archival records are essential for understanding changes in the environment. However, these records are largely ignored by archivists, who overwhelmingly focus on records of human history. Algonquin Provincial Park in east-central Ontario was established in 1893 and is the oldest park in the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Provincial Parks system. In addition to the many official functions and activities that occur in Algonquin Provincial Park, it is host to extensive environmental monitoring, assessment and research. However, no adequate system is in place to ensure that the records of archival value are identified, appraised, and preserved. An appraisal methodology is required to assist archivists to identify environmental records of long-term value. Using Algonquin Provincial Park as a case study, through primary source analysis of its structures and functions and comparisons with other park systems, various archival appraisal theories and methodologies are tested in order to determine the best method for appraising environmental records in general and the records of parks. It is determined that macroappraisal is the best method for appraising only the records created by the official functions and activities of Algonquin Provincial Park. However, the park depends on and interacts with many external affiliated organizations, including the Algonquin Forestry Authority, The Friends of Algonquin Park, Algonquins of Golden Lake First Nation, leaseholders, researchers, protest groups, anglers, businesses and contractors. The creation of environmental monitoring, assessment and research records is increasingly accomplished external to official government functions and activities. Many of these external groups create environmental records of archival value, yet, no formal strategy to preserve irreplaceable records is implemented in Algonquin Park. Elements from archival appraisal methodologies such as macroappraisal, the documentation strategy and the Minnesota Method are helpful for determining the relative archival value, and therefore level of documentation, of these external individuals, groups and organizations. This combination of methodologies is the most effective for ensuring the preservation of important environmental information and subsequently the environment. Various preservation partnership strategies are also suggested for these records identified as having archival value.

No description available.

No description available.