This study provides new insights into the historical language contact between Classical Armenian and West Middle Iranian, specifically Parthian. Next to an up-to-date account of known lexical, morphological, and phraseological Iranian loans in Armenian, the discussion focuses on one major and three minor syntactic patterns which, it is argued, are the result of pattern replication. The major pattern, the Classical Armenian periphrastic perfect, has previously been the focus of numerous papers owing to its unusual construction: while intransitive verbs construe with nominative subjects and an optional form of the copula in subject agreement, transitive verbs exhibit genitive agents, accusative objects and an optional copula in a invariable 3.sg form. Based on a discussion of morphosyntactic alignment patterns in general, and of Armenian and West Middle Iranian in particular, it is shown that previous accounts cannot satisfactorily explain the syntax of the perfect. In a new approach, it is argued that Armenian exhibits tripartite morphosyntactic alignment as the result of 'copying' and adapting the ergative alignment pattern of the West Middle Iranian past tense. This analysis is supported both by the historical morphology of the perfect participle and by a corpus analysis of five major works of Armenian 5^th-century historiography. The minor patterns - ezāfe-like nominal relative clauses, subject resumption and switch-reference marking using the anaphoric pronoun Arm. ink'n, and the quotative use of Arm. (e)t'ē - are equally linked to parallel constructions in West Middle Iranian, which may have served as syntactic models for their Armenian counterparts. The final part of the study discusses the Armenian-Iranian relationship from a language contact point of view and, making use of historical, epigraphic, and literary sources, proposes that a superstrate shift of the Parthian-speaking ruling class of Armenia to Armenian as their primary language best explains the amount of Parthian linguistic material and patterns in Armenian.

Afin d’assurer la fabrication de produits conformes et à faible coût dans les industries, la maîtrise des procédés de fabrication est devenue un enjeu majeur. Les systèmes d'information dans les industries sont assez complexes et les besoins métier évoluent en permanence, rendant ainsi difficile la recherche des ressources qui fournissent les informations manufacturières pour le contrôle de procédés industriels. De plus, l’utilisation de plateformes logicielles commerciales dans les industries pour le traitement des données ne facilite pas l’accès à l’information produite car ces plateformes ne permettent pas la gestion sémantique de l’information. Cette thèse défend l’idée qu’il faut réduire la distance entre les ressources disponibles et les besoins métier des experts qui assurent le contrôle de processus industriels. L’approche S3 est proposée pour permettre à la fois la description et la recherche de ces ressources. S3 repose sur deux stratégies de recherche complémentaires: une stratégie ascendante permettant la création de descripteurs sémantiques de ressources, et une stratégie descendante permettant la capture des besoins métier dans des patterns de recherche. Deux structures sémantiques sont proposées pour supporter les mécanismes de description et de recherche: une ontologie « manufacturing process » et un dictionnaire « process control ». Chaque stratégie de recherche, appuyée par les structures sémantiques apporte un niveau de description différent et permet l’alignement de différents types de connaissances métier. Cette approche a été expérimentée au sein de l’entreprise STMicroelectronics et a révélé des résultats prometteurs. / In order to ensure the manufacturing of conforming products with the least waste, the manufacturing process control has ever more become a major issue in industries nowadays. The complexity of the information systems in industries and the permanent evolution of the business needs make difficult the retrieval of the resources that provide manufacturing information related to the process control. In addition, the use of commercial software platforms in industries for the processing of data, does not facilitate the access to the information produced, because these platforms do not support the semantic management of information.This thesis argues the need to reduce the distance between the used resources in industries and the business needs of the experts that ensure the control of the manufacturing processes.The S3 approach is proposed to support the control of the manufacturing processes through an original resource management system. This system is intended for both resource description and retrieval. The S3 approach relies on two complementary retrieval strategies: a bottom-up strategy enabling the creation of semantic descriptors of resources, and a top-down strategy enabling the capture of business needs in search patterns. Two semantic structures are proposed to support the resource description and retrieval mechanisms: a manufacturing process ontology and a process control dictionary. Basing on these semantic structures, each retrieval strategy provides different levels of description to the resources, and enables the alignment of different types of business knowledge. The experimentation of the approach within STMicroelectronics showed promising results.