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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

MudanÃas na sedimentaÃÃo no estuÃrio do rio Jaguaribe (CE) devido a mudanÃas nos usos do solo / Changes in sedimentation in the estuary of the river Jaguaribe (EC) due to changes in land use

Mario Duarte Pinto Godoy 08 March 2011 (has links)
O rio Jaguaribe à o rio com a maior bacia hidrogrÃfica do CearÃ, possui uma bacia hidrogrÃfica de 75 mil Km que ocupa mais de 50% do estado, no entanto, alteraÃÃes de uso do solo que ocorreram dentro da bacia hidrogrÃfica desse rio e alteraÃÃes climÃticas globais podem estar causando a diminuiÃÃo da profundidade do estuÃrio o que dificulta a navegabilidade nessa regiÃo e prejudica a fauna aquÃtica. O foco desse estudo à os sedimentos depositados em ilhas dentro do baixo estuÃrio e possÃveis Ãreas no entorno que foram consideradas como possÃveis fontes de sedimento para essas ilhas. O plano amostral consistiu em 6 pontos dentro do estuÃrio do rio Jaguaribe onde foram retirados testemunho de sedimento e mais 8 pontos onde foram retirados sedimento superficiais no fundo do rio, nas Ãreas da margem e no campo de dunas. As Ãreas foram escolhidas a partir do mapeamento do estuÃrio, esse mapeamento utilizou imagens dos satÃlites Landsat 5, Quickbird II e Kompsat 2 e cobrem o perÃodo entre os anos de 1988 e 2008. O mapeamento mostrou que as ilhas existentes no estuÃrio sofreram grandes mudanÃas no perÃodo de estudo, ao todo ocorreu um aumento de 31,5 hectares na Ãrea ocupada por vegetaÃÃo de manguezal nas ilhas do estuÃrio. O perÃodo de maior crescimento foi o perÃodo entre 1992 e 2003 onde ocorreu um aumento de 6 hectares com uma velocidade de 2,1 hectare por ano. AlÃm do mapeamento foi realizada uma estimativa de carga de sedimento dos diversos usos do solo na bacia hidrogrÃfica do baixo estuÃrio, essa estimativa mostrou que as principais atividades que contribuem com sedimento para o estuÃrio à a agricultura (282.322 t/ano), sendo os principais contribuintes as plantaÃÃes de feijÃo, de mandioca e as de milho. Seguem-se as Ãreas urbanas (115.076 t/ano), as fazendas de camarÃo (13.475 t/ano) e a pecuÃria (1.374/ano). Ao contrÃrio de todas as outras atividades encontradas na Ãrea de estudo, o cultivo de camarÃo à a Ãnica atividade em que a carga de sedimento à lanÃada diretamente no estuÃrio. A granulometria dos testemunhos mostrou um predomÃnio de areias sobre as outras classes, alÃm disso, mostrou que em um mesmo testemunho podem existir diversos tipos de sedimento, havendo camadas com grande quantidade de silte e argila e camadas formadas basicamente de grÃos mais grosseiros, a aparÃncia semelhante com os sedimentos retirados das margens aponta as diversas Ãreas de erosÃo encontradas espalhadas pelas margens do rio como uma possÃvel fonte de grande importÃncia dentro desse contexto. / The Jaguaribe river is the river with the biggest whatershed of Cearà and has a catchment area of 75,000 km  which occupies over 50% of the state, however, land use changes that occurred in the watershed of this river and global climate change could be causing the decrease of the depth of the estuary which can make impossible for ship to navigate in the estuary and affect the aquatic fauna. The focus of this study is the deposited sediment in islands within the estuary and the surrounding areas which were considered as possible sources of sediment to these islands. The sampling plan consisted in 6 point within the estuary of the Jaguaribe river where were taken sediment cores and further 8 points where were taken superficial sediment from the bottom of the river, from areas in the margin of the estuary and from the dune fields near the estuary. The sampling locals were chosen based on the mapping of the estuary, this mapping used images from the satellites Landsat 5, Quickbird II and Kompsat 2 and cover the period of time between the years of 1988 and 2008. This mapping showed that the existing islands in the estuary suffered great changes during this period, overall there was an increase of 31.5 hectares in the area colonized by mangrove vegetation in the islands. The period of greatest growth was the period between 1992 and 2003 where there was an increase of 6 hectares with a speed of 2.1 hectare per year. In addition to mapping was performed an estimative of sediment load from various land uses in the watershed of the lower estuary, the estimative showed that the main activities that contribute sediment to the estuary is agriculture (282,322 t / year), with the main contribution being from plantations of beans, cassava and corn. Following are the urban areas (115,076 t / year), the shrimp farms (13,475 t / year) and livestock (1,374 t / year). Unlike all the other activities found in the study area, shrimp farming is the only activity in which the sediment load is released directly into the estuary. The diameter of the sediment from the samples showed a predominance of sand on the other classes and also showed that in a same profile may be different types of sediment, with layers with large amounts of silt and clay and layers formed primarily of coarser grains, the appearance of this sediment is similar from the sediment removed from the margin of the estuary and indicates that the several areas of erosion found scattered along the margin of the river may be possible source of great importance within this context.

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