Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JussyaraDMA_DISSERT_PARCIAL.pdf: 4692370 bytes, checksum: 475e965cf0951180f8df9ac44768b423 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-14 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The growing world demand for energy supplied by fossil fuels, a major contributor to the emission of pollutants into the atmosphere and causing environmental problems, has been encouraging governments and international organizations to reflect and encourage the use of alternative renewable sources. Among these new possibilities deserves attention biodiesel, fuel cleaner and easy to reproduce. The study of new technologies involving that source is necessary. From this context, the paper aims at analyzing the thermal stability by thermogravimetric analysis, of the waste generated from atmospheric distillation of mixtures with ratios of 5, 10, 15 and 20% palm biodiesel in diesel with and without addition of BHT antioxidant. It was synthesized biodiesel through palm oil, via homogeneous catalysis in the presence of KOH, with and without the use of BHT and subsequently added to the diesel common indoor type (S1800) from a gas station BR. The diesel was already added with 5% biodiesel, and thus the proportions used for these blends were subtracted from the existing ratio in diesel fuel, resulting in the following proportions palm oil biodiesel: 0% (B5), 5% (B10), 10 % (B15) and 15% (B20). From atmospheric distillation analysis, performed in mixtures with and without BHT were collected residue generated by each sample and performed a thermal study from the thermogravimetric analysis at a heating rate of 10 ?C.min-1, nitrogen atmosphere and heating to 600 ? C. According to the specifications of Resolution No. 7/2008 for biodiesel, it was found that the material was synthesized in accordance with the specifications. For mixtures, it was noted that the samples were in accordance with the ANP Resolution No. 42/2009. Given the TG / DTG curves of the samples of waste mixtures with and without BHT antioxidant was able to observe that they showed a single stage of thermal decomposition attributed to decomposition of heavy hydrocarbons and esters and other heavier constituents of the waste sample weighed. The thermal behavior of residues from atmospheric distillation of mixtures of diesel / biodiesel is very important to understand how this affects the proper functioning of the engine. A large amount of waste can generate a high content of particulate material, coke formation and carbonaceous deposits in engine valves, compromising their performance / A crescente demanda mundial por energia fornecida pelos combust?veis f?sseis, um dos principais respons?veis pela emiss?o de poluentes ? atmosfera e causadores de problemas ambientais, vem estimulando governos e Organismos internacionais a refletir e incentivar o uso de fontes alternativas renov?veis. Dentre essas novas possibilidades merece destaque o biodiesel, combust?vel menos poluente e de f?cil reprodutibilidade. O estudo de novas tecnologias envolvendo essa fonte faz-se necess?rio. Partindo desse contexto, o trabalho tem como objetivo principal analisar a estabilidade t?rmica, por meio da An?lise Termogravim?trica, dos res?duos gerados da destila??o atmosf?rica das misturas com propor??es de 5, 10, 15 e 20 % de biodiesel de dend? no diesel com e sem a adi??o de antioxidante BHT. Sintetizou-se o biodiesel atrav?s do ?leo de dend?, via cat?lise homog?nea na presen?a de KOH, com e sem o uso de BHT, e posteriormente, adicionou-se ao diesel comum do tipo interior (S1800) proveniente de um posto de gasolina BR. Este diesel j? estava aditivado com 5 % de biodiesel, sendo assim, as propor??es utilizadas para estas misturas foram subtra?das da propor??o existente no diesel, resultando nas seguintes propor??es de biodiesel de dend?: 0% (B5), 5% (B10), 10% (B15) e 15% (B20). Da an?lise de Destila??o Atmosf?rica, realizada nas misturas com e sem BHT, foram coletados o res?duo gerado por cada amostra e efetuado um estudo t?rmico, a partir da An?lise Termogravim?trica, na raz?o de aquecimento de 10 ?C.min-1, atmosfera de nitrog?nio e aquecimento at? 600 ?C. De acordo com as especifica??es da Resolu??o N? 7/2008 para o biodiesel, foi constatado que o material sintetizado estava em conformidade com as especifica??es. No tocante ?s misturas, notou-se que as amostras estavam de acordo com a Resolu??o da ANP N? 42/2009. Diante das curvas TG/DTG das amostras de res?duos das misturas com e sem antioxidante BHT, p?de observar que estas apresentaram uma ?nica etapa de decomposi??o t?rmica atribu?da ? decomposi??o dos hidrocarbonetos pesados e dos ?steres met?licos pesados e outros constituintes pesados da amostra de res?duo. O estudo do comportamento t?rmico do res?duo gerado da destila??o atmosf?rica das misturas de ?leo diesel/biodiesel ? de grande relev?ncia para entendermos o qu?o este interfere no bom funcionamento do motor. Uma grande quantidade de res?duos pode gerar um alto teor de material particulado, forma??o de coque e dep?sitos carbon?ceos nas v?lvulas do motor, comprometendo seu desempenho

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-04-25T20:37:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GisellePereiraMoreira_DISSERT.pdf: 2433742 bytes, checksum: d2cf05db4d69f9db9774ee92c4f96457 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-04-26T23:11:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 GisellePereiraMoreira_DISSERT.pdf: 2433742 bytes, checksum: d2cf05db4d69f9db9774ee92c4f96457 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T23:11:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GisellePereiraMoreira_DISSERT.pdf: 2433742 bytes, checksum: d2cf05db4d69f9db9774ee92c4f96457 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-12 / Ag?ncia Nacional do Petr?leo - ANP / Este trabalho descreve a s?ntese e o estudo da aplica??o em fluido de perfura??o de um novo tensoativo (Tri-?ster Lipof?lico - TEL) obtido a partir de ?cido c?trico com octanol. A rea??o foi acompanhada por cromatografia em camada delgada (CCD) e o produto, ap?s a purifica??o, foi caracterizado por resson?ncia magn?tica nuclear de pr?ton e carbono (RMN H1 e C 13), an?lise termogravim?trica e de tens?o superficial em ?leo e ?gua. Atrav?s de testes comparativos com dois produtos comerciais usados em campo, avaliou-se o desempenho, como emulsificante, do TEL em fluidos ? base de ?ster, n-parafina e biodiesel de mamona nas raz?es ?leo/?gua (ROA) 70/30 e 60/40. Posteriormente, esses fluidos foram envelhecidos em estufa rotativa a 200 ?F durante 16 h, sendo ent?o realizadas medidas reol?gicas e de estabilidade el?trica a 135 ?F, separa??o de fase ap?s sete (7) dias em repouso e volume de filtrado em alta press?o e alta temperatura. O comportamento reol?gico foi avaliado a partir das curvas de fluxos. Observou-se, tamb?m, que estes apresentaram comportamento similares aos dos fluidos usados em campo (Binghamiano e pseudopl?stico com limite de escoamento). Os testes laboratoriais mostraram que o TEL reduziu o volume de filtrado e promoveu um aumento de estabilidade mec?nica e t?rmica. / This work describes the synthesis and study of the application of a new surfactant (Triester Lipophilic ? TEL) obtained by citric acid with octanol. It is reaction was followed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and after purification the product was characterized by proton and 13 ? carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( H and 13C NMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and surface tension analysis of oil-in-water emulsions. The TEL performance as surfactant in ester, n-paraffin and biodiesel based drilling fluids on the 70/30 and 60/40 water- oil rations (WOR) was evaluated by comparative tests of two commercial products used in the fields. These drilling fluids were aged in roller oven at 200 0 F during 16 h. The rheological and electric stability measurements were carried out at 135 ?F, the phase separation was evaluated after seven days at rest and the filtrate volume of drilling fluids was determined at high temperature and high pressure. The rheological behavior of the drilling fluids was evaluated by the flow curves. The results showed that the drilling fluids studied here presented Binghamian behavior as well as the used in the oil fields. The laboratory tests showed that the TEL reduced the filtrate volume and promoted the enhance of the thermal and mechanical stabilities.