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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Technological innovations for diagnosis of plant viruses and characterization from biotypes of cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus / InovaÃÃes tecnolÃgicas para diagnose de viroses de plantas e caracterizaÃÃo de biÃtipos de cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus

Aline Kelly Queiroz do Nascimento 18 March 2014 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel Superior / Plant virus identification and characterization can be achived by several methods based in the biological, morphological, cytological, serological and molecular virus properties. The molecular properties have been used with frequency for vÃrus identification and characterization and the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has constituted an efficient and precise method for researches with RNA plant viruses. On the other hand, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the most used serological method for virus detection in plant tissues. A techncal innovation developed for plant virus identification represents a great technological development and support for plant virus research. A new approach involving virus particle immune precipitation to be used for RNA amplification by RT-PCR named IP-RT-PCR was sucessefuly used for amplification of RNA fragments from five virus species from the genera Comovirus, Cucumovirus, Potyvirus and Sobemovirus. Considering that the immune biological Companies have developed several DAS-ELISA kits, but neither of them produce and commercialize PTA-ELISA kits, a simple and practical PTA-ELISA kit was developed and validated for plant virus detection. The second part of the research had the objective to study, comparatively, the biological, serological and molecular properties of four plant virus isolates obtained from naturally infected Passiflora edulis (PWV-PET and PWV-GUA) and from naturally infected Vigna unguiculata (CABMV-BV and CABMV-FOR) with the objective to elucidate the identity of the causal agent of passion fruit woodiness in Brazil. In host range studies onle Canavalia ensiformes and Macroptilium lathyroides were infected by virus isolates obtained from cowpea and from passion fruit. The isolate PWV-GUA was purified from systemically infected M. lathyroides plants and the virus purified preparation (18.24 mg of virus.ml-1) was used for rabitt immunization for polyclonal antiserum production, which showed a title of 1:128,000 in PTA-ELISA. The electrophoresis analysis of the purified virus showed a unique capsidial protein with 34 kDA. Plant virus interaction studies in C. ensiformis indicated unilateral cross protection between PWV-GUA and CABMV-FOR. On the other hand, the isolate PWV-PET did not cross protect passion fruit plants against PWV-GUA. Filogenetic analysis of nucleotiode sequencies from cDNA fragments corresponding to coat protein (CP) genes amplified by IP-RT-PCR from the genomic virus isolates compared with virus sequencies from the Genbank grouped according to the host specifities. Based on the biological, serological and mainly molecular results, the virus isolates studied were classified into two biotypes: Biotype CABMC-C (Cowpea) to include isolates obtained from cowpea that do not infect passion fruit, and biotype CABMV-P (Passion fruit) to include the virus isolates responsible for the passion fruit woodiness in Brazil. / A identificaÃÃo e a caracterizaÃÃo de vÃrus de planta podem ser realizadas por vÃrios mÃtodos envolvendo propriedades morfolÃgicas, biolÃgicas, citolÃgicas, moleculares e sorolÃgicas. As tÃcnicas moleculares tÃm sido usadas com frequencia para identificaÃÃo e caracterizaÃÃo de vÃrus, e a tÃcnica de âreverse transcription polymerase chain reactionâ (RT-PCR) tem se constituÃdo em mÃtodo eficiente e preciso para pesquisas com vÃrus de planta com genoma de RNA. De outra parte, a tÃcnica de enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) constitui o mÃtodo sorolÃgico mais usado para detecÃÃo de vÃrus em tecidos vegetais. Uma inovaÃÃo tecnolÃgica desenvolvida nesta pesquisa para diagnose de vÃrus de planta representa grande avanÃo tecnolÃgico e suporte para pesquisa em virologia vegetal. A inovaÃÃo envolvendo a imunoprecipitaÃÃo (IP) de partÃculas de vÃrus para uso na RT-PCR denominada de IP-RT-PCR foi usada com sucesso para amplificaÃÃo de fragmentos de RNA de cinco espÃcies de vÃrus dos gÃneros Comovirus, Cucumovirus, Potyvirus e Sobemovirus. Considerando que kits de DAS-ELISA tÃm sido produzidos e comercializados por companhias de imunobiologicos, mas nenhuma companhia produz kits de PTA-ELISA, um kit simples e prÃtico de PTA-ELISA foi desenvolvido e validado para detecÃÃo de vÃrus de planta. A segunda etapa da pesquisa teve como objetivo estudar as propriedades biolÃgicas, sorolÃgicas e moleculares de isolados de vÃrus do gÃnero Potyvirus obtidos de maracujazeiro (Passiflora edulis) (PWV-PET e PWV-GUA) e isolados de Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV-FOR e CABMV-BV) obtidos de feijoeiro caupi (Vigna unguiculata), visando elucidar a identidade do agente causal do endurecimento dos frutos do maracujazeiro no Brasil. Em estudos de gama de plantas hospedeiras, somente Canavalia ensiformis e Macroptilium lathyroides foram infetadas por isolados obtidos de maracujazeiro e de feijoeiro caupi. O PWV-GUA foi purificado a partir de plantas de M. lathyroides sistemicamente infetadas e a preparaÃÃo viral purificada (18,24 mg de vÃrus.ml-1) foi usada para imunizaÃÃo de coelho com a produÃÃo de antissoro policlonal com tÃtulo de 1:128.000 em PTA-ELISA. AnÃlise eletroforÃtica da preparaÃÃo viral purificada revelou uma Ãnica proteÃna capisidial com peso molecular de 34 kDa. Experimentos de interaÃÃo entre os isolados virais em C. ensiformis indicaram proteÃÃo unilateral entre PWV-GUA e CABMV-FOR. De outra parte, o isolado PWV-PET nÃo protegeu plantas de maracujazeiro contra a super infecÃÃo de PWV-GUA. AnÃlises filogenÃticas das seqÃÃncias dos fragmentos de cDNA correspondentes Ãs capas protÃicas (CP), amplificados a partir dos genomas dos isolados virais de maracujazeiro e de feijoeiro caupi por IP-RT-PCR, agruparam-se com as seqÃÃncias de isolados virais de referidas culturas depositadas no GenBank, apresentando um agrupamento em funÃÃo da especificidade de hospedeiros. Com base nos resultados dos estudos biolÃgicos, sorolÃgicos e, sobretudo moleculares, os isolados virais estudados foram classificados em dois biÃtipos: BiÃtipo CABMV-C (Cowpea) incluindo os isolados obtidos de feijoeiro caupi e biÃtipo CABMV-P (Passion fruit) para incluir os isolados responsÃveis pelo endurecimento dos frutos do maracujazeiro no Brasil.

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