Orientador: Eduardo Kokubun / Banca: Claudio Alexandre Gobatto / Banca: Vilmar Baldissera / Resumo: Conhecimentos sobre a participação dos metabolismos aeróbio e anaeróbio em exercício são importantes para compreender e prever os efeitos dos diferentes tipos de treinamentos. Muitos modelos têm sido propostos para a predição da participação dessas duas vias energéticas no exercício. Um deles, proposto em 1965, sugere a existência de uma intensidade de esforço, denominada potência crítica (PC), abaixo da qual o suprimento energético é dependente exclusivamente do metabolismo aeróbio. Até a intensidade da PC, o exercício pode ser realizado por longo tempo, sem exaustão. Acima dessa intensidade, as reservas anaeróbias de energia de dimensão finita denominada capacidade de trabalho anaeróbio (CTA), são requeridas e sua total depleção está associada com a exaustão. A aplicabilidade deste modelo vem sendo estudada e comprovada em exercícios contínuos, constituindo uma forma simples e não invasiva de se determinar as capacidades aeróbia e anaeróbia. O propósito deste estudo foi explorar o exercício intermitente através do modelo da potência crítica, principalmente quanto aos efeitos da duração da pausa na reposição da CTA. Indivíduos ativos foram submetidos a exercícios contínuos e intermitentes realizados em cicloergômetro, até a exaustão. Para os testes intermitentes, os regimes de esforço-pausa foram 15 s de exercício por 15 s, 30 s, 45 s e 60 s de pausa passiva. A PC e CTA foram determinadas a partir dos testes contínuos, através de regressão linear simples, segundo a equação P = CTA x 1/tlim + PC. A comparação entre as variáveis foi realizada através da análise de variância (ANOVA) para medidas repetidas, com nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). Os principais resultados indicam que: da quantidade total de trabalho intermitente realizado, aproximadamente 58%, 85%, 88% e 90% correspondeu ao... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The knowledge of the contribution of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism during exercises plays a key role to anticipate the effects of different types of training. Many models have been proposed to predict the contribution of these two energetic pathways on the exercise work output. Among them, a model, proposed by Monod and Scherrer in 1965, suggests the existence of an exercise's intensity, named critical power (CP), below which the energetic supply is dependent, exclusively, on the aerobic metabolism. At the intensity corresponding to or below the critical power, the exercise can be done for a long time without exhaustion. Above this intensity, the finite anaerobic reserves of energy named anaerobic work capacity (AWC) are required and its total depletion is associated with exhaustion. The applicability of this model has been studied and confirmed in continuous exercises. It has been recognized as a simple and not invasive procedure to determine aerobic and anaerobic capacities. The purpose of this study was to explore the intermittent exercise through the critical power model, specifically the effects of the pause's duration on the replacement of the AWC. Active subjects were submitted to a continuous and intermittent ciclergometer exercises until exhaustion. For the intermittent tests, the exercise rest regimes were 15 s of exercise and 15 s, 30 s, 45 s and 60 s of passive recovery. The CP and AWC were determined by the results of continuous tests through a simple linear equation: P = AWC x 1/tlim + CP. The comparison among the variables was done by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures with a significance level of 5% (p<0,05). The main results indicated that: 1) from the total amount of intermittent work, approximately 58%, 85%, 88% and 90% was extra when compared to the continuous exercise for the same time of tests with 15 s, 30... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003-03-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:28:24Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 eleno_tg_me_rcla.pdf: 195961 bytes, checksum: 300673910af83cc4b49149d1b3f5f5a0 (MD5) / Conhecimentos sobre a participação dos metabolismos aeróbio e anaeróbio em exercício são importantes para compreender e prever os efeitos dos diferentes tipos de treinamentos. Muitos modelos têm sido propostos para a predição da participação dessas duas vias energéticas no exercício. Um deles, proposto em 1965, sugere a existência de uma intensidade de esforço, denominada potência crítica (PC), abaixo da qual o suprimento energético é dependente exclusivamente do metabolismo aeróbio. Até a intensidade da PC, o exercício pode ser realizado por longo tempo, sem exaustão. Acima dessa intensidade, as reservas anaeróbias de energia de dimensão finita denominada capacidade de trabalho anaeróbio (CTA), são requeridas e sua total depleção está associada com a exaustão. A aplicabilidade deste modelo vem sendo estudada e comprovada em exercícios contínuos, constituindo uma forma simples e não invasiva de se determinar as capacidades aeróbia e anaeróbia. O propósito deste estudo foi explorar o exercício intermitente através do modelo da potência crítica, principalmente quanto aos efeitos da duração da pausa na reposição da CTA. Indivíduos ativos foram submetidos a exercícios contínuos e intermitentes realizados em cicloergômetro, até a exaustão. Para os testes intermitentes, os regimes de esforço-pausa foram 15 s de exercício por 15 s, 30 s, 45 s e 60 s de pausa passiva. A PC e CTA foram determinadas a partir dos testes contínuos, através de regressão linear simples, segundo a equação P = CTA x 1/tlim + PC. A comparação entre as variáveis foi realizada através da análise de variância (ANOVA) para medidas repetidas, com nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). Os principais resultados indicam que: da quantidade total de trabalho intermitente realizado, aproximadamente 58%, 85%, 88% e 90% correspondeu ao... / The knowledge of the contribution of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism during exercises plays a key role to anticipate the effects of different types of training. Many models have been proposed to predict the contribution of these two energetic pathways on the exercise work output. Among them, a model, proposed by Monod and Scherrer in 1965, suggests the existence of an exercise's intensity, named critical power (CP), below which the energetic supply is dependent, exclusively, on the aerobic metabolism. At the intensity corresponding to or below the critical power, the exercise can be done for a long time without exhaustion. Above this intensity, the finite anaerobic reserves of energy named anaerobic work capacity (AWC) are required and its total depletion is associated with exhaustion. The applicability of this model has been studied and confirmed in continuous exercises. It has been recognized as a simple and not invasive procedure to determine aerobic and anaerobic capacities. The purpose of this study was to explore the intermittent exercise through the critical power model, specifically the effects of the pause's duration on the replacement of the AWC. Active subjects were submitted to a continuous and intermittent ciclergometer exercises until exhaustion. For the intermittent tests, the exercise rest regimes were 15 s of exercise and 15 s, 30 s, 45 s and 60 s of passive recovery. The CP and AWC were determined by the results of continuous tests through a simple linear equation: P = AWC x 1/tlim + CP. The comparison among the variables was done by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures with a significance level of 5% (p<0,05). The main results indicated that: 1) from the total amount of intermittent work, approximately 58%, 85%, 88% and 90% was extra when compared to the continuous exercise for the same time of tests with 15 s, 30... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below)

In many physical activities, exercise is not continuous, but intermittent: it involves a sequence of exercise fractions at varying intensities, some higher than others. In planned training, this type of exercise is found in the form of high intensity interval training (HIIT), which is an effective and time-efficient approach that has been popular in high-performance sports over the last century, and in clinical settings for the past twenty years. Models are available to predict performance during continuous exercise (without intensity variation) over various durations. The ecological validity of some continuous exercise models has been reported. However, this is not the case for intermittent exercise, which has several parameters that can be modified, leading to a large variation in individual responses. The purpose of this master’s thesis is to compare the major models of intermittent exercise and determine their strengths and weaknesses, the constructs on which they are based, and their applicability to various physical activities. The master’s thesis also reviews the evolution of continuous exercise models to better understand the elements that need to be considered to improve the validity of intermittent exercise modelling. Due to the lack of quality data to compare a set of HIIT sessions of the same degree of difficulty, the thesis presents a study that uses simulations to identify the main limitations of the intermittent exercise models included in commercial applications, i.e., the Coggan and Skiba models. The study reveals the limitations of these models in prescribing sessions with a low number of repetitions performed at supramaximal intensity, interspersed with long recovery periods. The main intermittent exercise models have limitations that restrict their widespread use. In order for intermittent exercise modelling to evolve into more valid models that improve understanding of the physiological phenomena involved, it is crucial that the models be tested against a robust set of comparable intermittent exercise data. The thesis draws a detailed portrait of the continuous and intermittent exercise models, accounts for their evolution over time, and provides elements to guide future exercise modelling. Finally, the thesis identifies the limits of the current intermittent exercise models, makes recommendations to sports practitioners to promote their good use, and proposes a modification to the Coggan model that reduces its limitations. / Dans plusieurs activités physiques, l’exercice n’est pas continu, mais intermittent : il comprend un enchaînement de fractions d’exercice à des intensités variées, certaines plus élevées que d’autres. Dans l’entraînement planifié, on retrouve ce type d’exercice sous la forme de l’entraînement par intervalles (EPI), qui est une approche efficace et économe en temps, très populaire dans les milieux sportifs depuis plus d’un siècle, et dans les milieux cliniques depuis plus d’une vingtaine d’années. Des modèles sont disponibles permettant de prédire les performances lors de l’exercice continu (sans variation d’intensité) sur des durées variées. La validité écologique de certains modèles de l’exercice continu a été rapportée, montrant leur capacité à s’appliquer aux situations observées sur le terrain. Ce n’est toutefois pas le cas pour l’exercice intermittent, qui comporte plusieurs paramètres pouvant être modifiés, et menant à une grande variation des réponses individuelles. L’objectif du mémoire est de comparer les principaux modèles de l’exercice intermittent et déterminer leurs forces et leurs faiblesses, les construits sur lesquels ils sont fondés, et leur applicabilité dans diverses activités physiques. Il s’agit aussi de revoir l’évolution des modèles de l’exercice continu pour mieux comprendre les éléments à considérer pour améliorer la validité de la modélisation de l’exercice intermittent. Face au manque de données de qualité permettant de comparer un ensemble de séances d’EPI de même degré de difficulté, le mémoire présente une étude qui procède par simulations pour identifier les principales limites des modèles de l’exercice intermittent inclus dans des applications commerciales, soit les modèles de Coggan et de Skiba. L’étude révèle les limites de ces modèles quant à la prescription de séances comprenant un faible nombre de répétitions effectuées à intensité supramaximale, entrecoupées de longues périodes de récupération. Les principaux modèles de l’exercice intermittent présentent des limites restreignant leur utilisation généralisée. Pour que la modélisation de l’exercice intermittent évolue vers des modèles plus valides, permettant d’améliorer la compréhension des phénomènes physiologiques en jeu, il est crucial de confronter les modèles à un ensemble robuste de données comparables de l’exercice intermittent. Le mémoire dresse un portrait détaillé des modèles de l’exercice continu et intermittent, fait état de leur évolution au fil du temps, et propose des éléments pour guider la suite des travaux de modélisation. Enfin, le mémoire identifie les limites des modèles de courants de l’exercice intermittent, présente des recommandations aux intervenants sportifs pour favoriser la bonne utilisation de ceux-ci, en plus de fournir une modification du modèle de Coggan qui diminue les limites de celui-ci.