Subject of the study. Aerobic capacity and cardiac structure and function of healthy young males. Background. Data regarding the relationship between the parameters of aerobic capacity (such as maximal oxygen uptake or anaerobic threshold) and cardiac structure as well as function remain sparse and controversial. Aim. To determine how the parameters of aerobic capacity are correlated with those of cardiac structure and function. Objectives: 1. To determine the correlation between anaerobic thresholds and myocardial structure. 2. To determine how strongly the maximal oxygen uptake and cardiac structure are correlated. 3. To determine the correlation of indices of aerobic capacity to the parameters of myocardial function at rest. Hypothesis. Cardiac structure and function of healthy young men is directly linked not only to maximal oxygen uptake but anaerobic thresholds as well. Conclusions. The direct correlation of the parameters of concentric cardiac hypertrophy with aerobic capacity (anaerobic thresholds as well as maximal oxygen uptake) indices was detected. However, we failed to detect a significant correlation between indices of eccentric cardiac hypertrophy or myocardial function and aerobic capacity.