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In my work, I would like to focus on the way of evaluating economic efficiency of traffic buildings in Czech republic. This evaluation is in responsibility of Czech Directorate of Motorways and Highways DG. Evaluation is made by HDM-4 (Highway Development and Management version 1.30)aplication. Its funkcionality is provided by employees of Directorate but Reports of economic efficiency are made by private companies.Making projects in this software is quite difficult task, because of big amount of information which are required. Main aim of this work is to find out if this kind of analysis is appropriate for Czech road network or if there are some problems or difficulties in using HDM-4.

Thesis (Ph.D)--Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. / McGinnis, Leon - Committee Chair, Griffin, Paul - Committee Member, Hackman, Steve - Committee Member, Parsons, Len - Committee Member, Sharp, Gunter - Committee Member. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

Attainment of greater efficiency in hospital operations has become a goal highly sought after as a result of several factors including skyrocketing costs. The possibility that the different incentives associated with ownership type might affect efficiency has been covered thoroughly in the literature. There are numerous studies comparing for-profit to not-for-profit hospitals or public to private hospitals. Analysis of federal ownership, however, has been less studied. In particular, comparisons involving military hospitals are non-existent, attributed to data availability and an assumption that military hospitals are too different from civilian facilities. This dissertation employs a cross-sectional Stochastic Frontier Analysis (“SFA”) of 2006 data to compare the technical efficiency of military, for-profit, not-for-profit, and other government hospitals, controlling for differences in patients, scope of work, physicianhospital working arrangements, and other structural characteristics. Four model specifications are examined, varying the method of accounting for heterogeneity of case mix. One of the specifications uses a distance function technique to allow for specific inclusion of multiple outputs, namely inpatient and outpatient workload. Results obtained using SFA are validated using Data Envelopment Analysis (“DEA”) and compared with results produced through simple ratio analysis. Estimates of overall technical efficiency ranged from 76% to 80%. The analysis found no significant correlation between ownership category and technical efficiency. Factors found to be significantly correlated with greater technical efficiency include younger average patient age, more female patients, percentage of surgical inpatient work, percentage of circulatory system-based work, accreditation, and having all credentialed physicians (i.e. no physician employees). Pooled-vs.-partitioned analysis showed that military hospitals are indeed different, but not enough to render comparisons meaningless. Data Envelopment Analysis produced comparable individual hospital efficiency scores (correlations of approximately 0.6 between like specifications using SFA and DEA) and comparable average efficiency (~87%). Ratio analysis results were sensitive to the specific ratio analyzed. This dissertation adds to the body of literature on the relationship between ownership and hospital technical efficiency. It is the first comparison of military and civilian hospital technical efficiency.

The diploma thesis is dedicated to referring the issue of public procurement as one of possible ways of securing the public goods. The aim is to review the possibilities of public procurements for the purpose of getting the public goods in medical care facilities in the Czech Republic on the example of a hospital in Prague. The stress is put on their effectiveness. The diploma thesis is divided in three parts. The first part is engaged in the theory of public goods and ways of their dividing. The second part sums up the most important findings about public procurements according to the law. The last analytical part contains the analysis of efficiency of particular kinds of award procedures. To reach the targeted aim, except from available literature, I also used data and information gained from scholarly consultations and from guided interview.

A presente Tese de Doutorado propõe um modelo de análise de eficiência na gestão pública, na qual é focado o desempenho econômico-financeiro das prefeituras brasileiras no cumprimento de suas metas sociais. São considerados como parâmetros para essas análises, dados econômico-financeiros combinados a dados não financeiros; estes relacionados ao cumprimento de objetivos sociais como saneamento básico, longevidade e educação. Neste estudo foi empregada a técnica matemática denominada DEA ? Data Envelopment Analysis, ou Análise Envoltória de Dados, que é uma ferramenta analítica que pode fornecer a identificação das melhores práticas na utilização de recursos colocados à disposição de uma determinada organização e, simultaneamente pode identificar a possível fronteira de eficiência de um grupo de organizações afins, por meio de comparações entre os recursos usados e os resultados obtidos por cada uma delas. Dessa forma, o presente estudo visa a contribuir com o desenvolvimento dos municípios, disponibilizando um modelo para análise e comparação da eficiência na gestão pública, sendo avaliado o desempenho das prefeituras brasileiras, geralmente afetadas pela escassez de recursos. Os resultados alcançados apresentam-se particularmente úteis aos gestores das esferas estadual e federal, pois essas avaliações podem contribuir para: promover uma política de demonstração dos benefícios oferecidos aos usuários dos serviços públicos; implementar o monitoramento e controle sobre as atividades das prefeituras; gerar um modelo de competição entre os gestores municipais podendo assim, servir como um instrumento orientador no planejamento das metas sociais. / This thesis proposes an analysis model of efficiency in public management, which focuses on the economical-financial development of Brazilian town halls while accomplishing their social goals. Economical-financial data combined with non-financial data are the parameters considered for the analysis; the last ones are related to de accomplishment of social goals such as public sanitation, life span and education. A Mathematical technique called DEA, Data Envelopment Analysis, was used in this study; it is an analytical tool, which can supply the identification of the best performances in the use of the resources that are available for a certain organization, and simultaneously, it can identify a possible frontier of efficiency of a group of organizations with similar purposes, through the comparison of the used resources and the resources obtained by each one of them. Therefore, this study aims to contribute to the development of the cities, through the availability of a model of analysis and comparison of efficiency in public management, in which the performance of the Brazilian town halls, normally affected by the scarcity of resources, are evaluated. The results obtained in this research seem to be useful to managers of the state and federal spheres, due to the fact that theses evaluations can: contribute to the promotion of a demonstration of benefits policy for the users of the public services; implement the monitoring and control over the activities of the town halls; generate a model of competition among the cities managers; and finally, it can be a guide-line instrument in the planning of social goals.

A presente Tese de Doutorado propõe um modelo de análise de eficiência na gestão pública, na qual é focado o desempenho econômico-financeiro das prefeituras brasileiras no cumprimento de suas metas sociais. São considerados como parâmetros para essas análises, dados econômico-financeiros combinados a dados não financeiros; estes relacionados ao cumprimento de objetivos sociais como saneamento básico, longevidade e educação. Neste estudo foi empregada a técnica matemática denominada DEA ? Data Envelopment Analysis, ou Análise Envoltória de Dados, que é uma ferramenta analítica que pode fornecer a identificação das melhores práticas na utilização de recursos colocados à disposição de uma determinada organização e, simultaneamente pode identificar a possível fronteira de eficiência de um grupo de organizações afins, por meio de comparações entre os recursos usados e os resultados obtidos por cada uma delas. Dessa forma, o presente estudo visa a contribuir com o desenvolvimento dos municípios, disponibilizando um modelo para análise e comparação da eficiência na gestão pública, sendo avaliado o desempenho das prefeituras brasileiras, geralmente afetadas pela escassez de recursos. Os resultados alcançados apresentam-se particularmente úteis aos gestores das esferas estadual e federal, pois essas avaliações podem contribuir para: promover uma política de demonstração dos benefícios oferecidos aos usuários dos serviços públicos; implementar o monitoramento e controle sobre as atividades das prefeituras; gerar um modelo de competição entre os gestores municipais podendo assim, servir como um instrumento orientador no planejamento das metas sociais. / This thesis proposes an analysis model of efficiency in public management, which focuses on the economical-financial development of Brazilian town halls while accomplishing their social goals. Economical-financial data combined with non-financial data are the parameters considered for the analysis; the last ones are related to de accomplishment of social goals such as public sanitation, life span and education. A Mathematical technique called DEA, Data Envelopment Analysis, was used in this study; it is an analytical tool, which can supply the identification of the best performances in the use of the resources that are available for a certain organization, and simultaneously, it can identify a possible frontier of efficiency of a group of organizations with similar purposes, through the comparison of the used resources and the resources obtained by each one of them. Therefore, this study aims to contribute to the development of the cities, through the availability of a model of analysis and comparison of efficiency in public management, in which the performance of the Brazilian town halls, normally affected by the scarcity of resources, are evaluated. The results obtained in this research seem to be useful to managers of the state and federal spheres, due to the fact that theses evaluations can: contribute to the promotion of a demonstration of benefits policy for the users of the public services; implement the monitoring and control over the activities of the town halls; generate a model of competition among the cities managers; and finally, it can be a guide-line instrument in the planning of social goals.

The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the performance of the company Philip Morris ČR. The evaluation is done for years 2004 to 2010. The theoretical part describes methods and principles which are used in practical part. The practical part is composed from financial analysis and analysis of efficiency. The financial analysis contains horizontal and vertical analysis of the balance sheet and the statement of income, the ration indicators, Du Pont analysis, EVA and MVA analysis, creditworthy and bankruptcy models and inter -- company comparisons. The analysis of efficiency contains analysis of performance and productivity and then analysis of complex economic activity. The summary concludes the results of the analyses along with the recommendations.

Point of this thesis is the definition and description of the Business intention. In the first parts there is the description focused on theoretical findings. There is described the difference between Business intention and Business plan. As next are described important parts of the Business intention and phases of the project. Mainly it is explained the project-analysis like SWOT and SLEPT analysis and economic efficiency. The practical part is focused on Business intention analysis as a basis for business decision. Mainly it is focused on analysis of inputs and outputs of the project, economic efficiency analysis, and at the end is found out which option of the Business in-tention is most efficient for today.

Im Rahmen der Dissertation wird die Anwendung und Wirkung von Kernelementen des New Public Management (NPM) am Beispiel der Bürgerdienste der sechs europäischen Hauptstädte Berlin, Brüssel, Kopenhagen, Madrid, Prag und Warschau analysiert. Hierbei steht der Vergleich von Hauptstädten der MOE-Staaten mit Hauptstädten alter EU-Mitgliedsstaaten im Vordergrund. Es wird die folgende Forschungshypothese untersucht: Die Verwaltungen in den Hauptstädten der östlichen Mitgliedsstaaten der EU haben in Folge der grundsätzlichen gesellschaftlichen und politischen Umbrüche in den 1990er Jahren bedeutend mehr Kernelemente des NPM beim Neuaufbau ihrer öffentlichen Verwaltungen eingeführt. Durch den folgerichtigen Aufbau kundenorientierter und moderner Verwaltungen sowie der strikten Anwendung der Kernelemente des New Public Management arbeiten die Bürgerdienste in den Hauptstädten östlicher EU-Mitgliedsstaaten effizienter und wirkungsvoller als vergleichbare Bürgerdienste in den Hauptstädten westlicher EU-Mitgliedsstaaten. Zur Überprüfung der Forschungshypothese werden die Vergleichsstädte zunächst den entsprechenden Rechts- und Verwaltungstraditionen (kontinentaleuropäisch deutsch, napoleonisch und skandinavisch) zugeordnet und bezüglich ihrer Ausgangslage zum Aufbau einer modernen Verwaltung (Westeuropäische Verwaltung, Wiedervereinigungsverwaltung und Transformations-verwaltung) kategorisiert. Im Anschluss werden die institutionellen Voraussetzungen hinterfragt, was die deskriptive Darstellung der Stadt- und Verwaltungsgeschichte sowie die Untersuchung von organisatorischen Strukturen der Bürgerdienste, die Anwendung der NPM-Instrumente als auch die Innen- und Außenperspektive des NPM umfasst. Es wird festgestellt, ob und in welcher Form die Bürgerdienste der Vergleichsstädte die Kernelemente des NPM anwenden. Im Anschluss werden die Vergleichsstädte bezüglich der Anwendung der Kernelemente miteinander verglichen, wobei der Fokus auf dem persönlichen Vertriebsweg und der Kundenorientierung liegt. Der folgende Teil der Dissertation befasst sich mit dem Output der Bürgerdienste, der auf operative Resultate untersucht und verglichen wird. Hierbei stellt sich insbesondere die Frage nach den Leistungsmengen und der Produktivität des Outputs. Es werden aber auch die Ergebnisse von Verwaltungsprozessen untersucht, insbesondere in Bezug auf die Kundenorientierung. Hierfür wird ein Effizienzvergleich der Bürgerdienste in den Vergleichsstädten anhand einer relativen Effizienzmessung und der Free Disposal Hull (FDH)-Methode nach Bouckaert durchgeführt. Es ist eine Konzentration auf populäre Dienstleistungen aus dem Portfolio der Bürgerdienste notwendig. Daher werden die vergleichbaren Dienstleistungen Melde-, Personalausweis-, Führerschein- und Reisepass-angelegenheiten unter Einbeziehung des Vollzeitäquivalents zur Berechnung der Effizienz der Bürgerdienste herangezogen. Hierfür werden Daten aus den Jahren 2009 bis 2011 genutzt, die teilweise aus verwaltungsinternen Datenbanken stammen. Anschließend wird der Versuch unternommen, den Outcome in die Effizienzanalyse der Bürgerdienste einfließen zu lassen. In diesem Zusammenhang wird die Anwendbarkeit von verschiedenen erweiterten Best-Practice-Verfahren und auch eine Erweiterung der relativen Effizienzmessung und der FDH-Methode geprüft. Als Gesamtfazit der Dissertation kann festgehalten werden, dass die Bürgerdienste in den untersuchten Hauptstädten der MOE-Staaten nicht mehr Kernelemente des NPM anwenden, als die Hauptstädte der westlichen Mitgliedsstaaten der EU. Im Gegenteil wendet Prag deutlich weniger NPM-Instrumente als andere Vergleichsstädte an, wohingegen Warschau zwar viele NPM-Instrumente anwendet, jedoch immer von einer westeuropäischen Vergleichsstadt übertroffen wird. Auch die Hypothese, dass die Bürgerdienste in den Hauptstädten der MOE-Staaten effizienter arbeiten als vergleichbare Bürgerdienste in den Hauptstädten westlicher EU-Mitgliedsstaaten wurde durch die Dissertation entkräftet. Das Gegenteil ist der Fall, da Prag und Warschau im Rahmen des Effizienzvergleichs lediglich durchschnittliche oder schlechte Performances aufweisen. Die aufgestellte Hypothese ist durch die Forschungsergebnisse widerlegt, lediglich das gute Abschneiden der Vergleichsstadt Warschau bei der Anwendungsanalyse kann einen Teil der These im gewissen Umfang bestätigen. / In the context of the thesis, the application and impact of core elements of the New Public Management (NPM) is analysed using the example of the Citizen Services of six European capital cities Berlin, Brussels, Copenhagen, Madrid, Prague and Warsaw. In this connection the comparison of the capital cities in the CEE countries with capital cities in the old EU Member States is foregrounded. The following research hypothesis is examined: In consequence of the fundamental social and political upheavals in the 1990s the administrations in the capital cities of the eastern EU Member States have introduced significantly more core elements of NPM during the reorganisation of their public administrations. Due to the consequent erection of customer-oriented and modern administrations and the strict application of core elements of the New Public Management, the Citizen Services in the capital cities of eastern EU Member States work more efficient and effective than comparable Citizen Services in the capital cities of western EU Member States. To survey the research hypothesis, the capital cities are initially assigned to the relevant legal and administrative traditions (Continental European German, Napoleonic and Scandinavian) and afterwards categorised with respect to their initial position to build up a modern administration (western European administration, reunion administration and transformation administration). Thereafter institutional requirements are questioned, which includes a descriptive presentation of urban and administrative history and the analyses of organisational structures of the Citizen Services, the application of NPM instruments as well as the internal and external perspectives of the NPM. It is concluded, whether and in what form the Citizen Services of the capital cities utilise the core elements of NPM. Following the capital cities are compared regarding the application of core elements, whereat the focus is on the personal channel of distribution and customer orientation. The following part of the thesis deals with the output of Citizen Services, which is examined and compared to operational results. This raises in particular the question of the activity quantity and the efficiency of the output. But there are also examines of the results of administrative processes, particularly in reference to customer orientation. Thus a comparison of efficiency of Citizen Services in the capital cities is performed, which is based on a relative measurement of efficiency and the Free Disposal Hull Method (FDH) according to Bouckaert. A focus on popular services from the portfolio of the Citizen Services is needed, wherefore the efficiency of the Citizen Services is calculated with the comparable services identity card, driving license and passport involving the full-time equivalent. Therefor data from the years 2009 to 2011 are used, which originate from internal administrative databases. Following an attempt is made to include the outcome in the analysis of efficiency of the Citizen Services. In this context, the applicability of various advanced best practice methods and an extension of the relative measurement of efficiency and the FDH method is verified. As an overall conclusion of the thesis can be stated that the Citizen Services in the investigated capital cities of the CEE countries do not apply more core elements of the NPM compared to the capital cities of the western EU Member States. In contrast Prague applies significantly less NPM instruments compared to other capital cities, whereas Warsaw applies many NPM instruments but is always exceeded by a western European capital city. The hypothesis that the Citizen Services in the capital cities of the CEE countries work more efficiently than comparable Citizen Services in the capital cities of the western EU Member States is also ruled by the thesis. The opposite is the case as Prague and Warsaw show only an average or poor performance in the context of the comparison of efficiency. The established hypothesis is disproved by the research results, only the good performance of the capital city of Warsaw in the analysis of application is able to confirm a part of the thesis to a certain extent.