The application of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to the characterization of materials in art and archaeology is evaluated. The diffuse reflectance accessory was used extensively and an infrared microscope was utilized for microscopic samples. The development and theory of diffuse reflectance FT-IR spectroscopy are given and a brief outline of previous use of infrared spectroscopy in archaeological and art conservation is included. The experimental procedures and sample handling used in the research are explained in detail. Diffuse reflectance spectra of several classes of organic materials available in antiquity are presented. The classes of organic materials include waxes, fats and oils, bituminous materials, resins, amber, shellac, pitch, gums and gum resins and proteins. The spectra of the reference materials are interpreted in the light of the known information on chemical structure. Several examples of archaeological specimens which have been characterized are included. Two large groups of modern materials, a group of plastic sculptures and a collection of early plastic objects were characterized. Areas for future work include an expanded reference collection of modern materials and the use of J-CAMP-DX programming language for interlaboratory exchange of data which is independent of the brand of spectrometer used.

No description available.

A method is reported for the sensitive, simultaneous determination of mono-, di-, and trifluoroacetates by ion chromatography. These species were separated using a Dionex AS17 anion-exchange column employed with a potassium hydroxide gradient (via a Dionex EG40 Eluent Generator) and suppressed conductivity detection. The fluoroacetates were successfully separated from a range of inorganic and organic species likely to be present in environmental samples, in a total analysis time of 35 min (including re-equilibration of the column). Detection limits for mono-, di- and trifluoroacetate were 21, 38 and 36 micrograms/L, respectively, determined using a signal to noise ratio of 3, and were obtained using a sample injection volume of 50 microlitres. Precision was less than 0.83% relative standard deviation for replicate injections performed over a period of 30 days. The method was applied to the determination of MFA, DFA and TFA in river water, carrot baits, urine samples and different kinds of plant material including Bilobum, Calvcinum and Spinosum, and found the concentration range of mono-(MFA), di-(DFA), tri-fluoroacetate (TFA) to be 11-788, 3.5-17 and 0.22-1.2 ppm in wet weight plant samples respectively. Further research was carried out using the Dionex equipment specified above. A comparative study was made of the chromatographic behaviour of nine haloacetic acids mono-(MFA), di-(DFA), tri-fluoroacetate (TFA); mono-(MCA), di-(DCA), trichloroacetate (TCA) and mono-(MBA), di-(DBA), tri-bromoacetate (TBA). The techniques included anion-exchange chromatography with suppressed conductivity and UV detection. All nine haloacetic acids were completely separated under the optimised gradient elution conditions. Using selective detection methods or by pretreating samples with a OnGuard II Ag cartridge, eliminated some interference. The procedure for the simultaneous determination of the nine haloacetic acids was simple and fast. The method detection limits for MFA, DFA, TFA, MCA, DCA, TCA, MBA, DBA, and TBA were 21, 40, 40, 48, 28, 86, 67, 55, and 160 ppb respectively, determined using a signal to noise ratio of 3. Applications of these methods for the determination of haloacetic acids in real soil samples are shown.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Chemistry, 2007. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-09, Section: B, page: 5919. Adviser: Milos V. Novotny. Title from dissertation home page (viewed May 9, 2008).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Chemistry, 2007. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-09, Section: B, page: 5918. Adviser: David E. Clemmer. Title from dissertation home page (viewed May 12, 2008).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Chemistry, 2008. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed May 13, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-08, Section: B, page: 4721. Adviser: James P. Reilly.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2007. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-07, Section: B, page: 4441. Adviser: Jonathan V. Sweedler. Includes bibliographical references. Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2008. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-11, Section: B, page: 6759. Adviser: Chad M. Rienstra. Includes bibliographical references. Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Chemistry, 2008. / Title from home page (viewed Oct. 8, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-02, Section: B, page: 0994. Adviser: Martin F. Jarrold.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Chemistry, 2009. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Jul 22, 2010). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-12, Section: B, page: 7531. Adviser: James P. Reilly.