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This work analyses the most important sources for manumission in Ancient Greece from a legal perspective, with the aim of unearthing the legal concepts and definitions that informed the liberation of slaves in the ancient documents. More specifically, this study will examine the legal nature of manumission in exchange for money while also analysing the legal condition of those ἀπελεύθεροι who, after their liberation, were required to perform παραμονή-services towards their former masters. This analysis will focus on the origins of manumission in Greece (which can be traced back to the Homeric poems), on the body of Hellenistic inscriptions from Delphi and Chaeronea, on some forensic speeches from Classical Athens and, finally, on the so-called ‘public manumissions’. All these sources are unequivocal in showing that, on the one hand, manumission in exchange for money had the nature of a bilateral legal transaction between the slaves’ masters and a third party, other than the slaves; and on the other hand, that the legal condition of manumitted slaves is always understood as one of freedom, independently of the possible imposition of post-manumission obligations upon them. This work ultimately shows not only that the Greeks’ conceptualisation of manumission relied on a solid understanding of key legal concepts such as slavery, freedom and ownership, but also that this institution was informed by common legal principles shared by different geographical and chronological contexts of the Greek world.

This study looks at the dynamics of innovation: why innovation occurs, what newness means in diverse areas of life, how social, cultural and individual attitudes to novelty interact, and the wider impact of innovation. The historical focus is ancient Athens, a society well known for its originality and creativity. Despite Athens' well-known competitiveness and flair for innovation, classical historians have tended to emphasise its traditionalism and respect for the past. However, the comedies of Aristophanes testify to the deliberate pursuit of innovation and to the effects of rapid and wide-ranging change in the late fifth and early fourth centuries B.C. They are adduced, together with other sources for the period, as evidence for the kinds of innovation that took place in politics, law, religion and warfare, as well as in specialist skills (technai) such as rhetoric, the visual arts, music, and medicine. The sources reveal diverse reactions, ranging from ambivalence and anxiety to excitement and optimism, to the experience of newness in these culturally key areas of Athenian life. Attitudes and behaviour differed between individuals and social groups, depending on the area of innovation. A combination of factors served to encourage the drive to innovate: material circumstances such as commercialism, war, and imperial rule; social pressures such as competitiveness, democratic openness, and the desire for acclaim; and technical imperatives such as the pursuit of accuracy, efficacy, and originality. The proliferation of tools of verbal communication (specifically rhetoric and writing) to express and record new ideas; is a pervasive theme. In conclusion, a broad trend is discerned for the period, showing Athenians towards the end of the fifth century to have been unusually interested in the meaning and possibilities of innovation. Aristophanes' characterisation in particular of the climate of newness suggests an intriguing historical analogue to recent discourses of postmodernity.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1916. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Revision of the author's thesis, Hamburg, issued originally under title: Interpretationen einiger ausgewählter Exkurse im Geschichtswerk des Herodot. / "Literatur-und Abkürzungsverzeichnis": p. [225]-229.

Revision of the author's thesis, Hamburg, issued originally under title: Interpretationen einiger ausgewählter Exkurse im Geschichtswerk des Herodot. / "Literatur-und Abkürzungsverzeichnis": p. [225]-229.

Thesis (doctoral)-Universität, Regensburg, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1916. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University / The purpose of this thesis is to find a basis of comparison between the educational practices of ancient Greece, specifically those of Athens and Sparta, and the educational theories put forth by Plato in his book, The Republic. This basis will be formed on the relationship between the individual and the society of which he is a member. As the historical approach is to be used, not only will the educational systems of Athens and Sparta be studied, but also the educational ideals of the Greeks all the way back to Homer, and the histories of the city-states themselves. This latter is an especially important point, for the city-states of ancient Greece were unqiue in themselves. They were not merely organizations for the preservation of law and order, but the very life source of all Greek activity and thought. As a result, education was an integral part of the function of the polis, just as the polis was an integral part, if not the consuming part, of a Greek's daily life. The education of each group is in accordance with its objectives. The Artisans receive practical training in their craft or profession; the Guardians receive a liberal education designed to produce a strong feeling of loyalty toward the state and its rulers; while the Rulers themselves receive the training of the Guardians for their primary education, and then pass on to advanced study of mathematics and philosophy, finally culminating in the study of ultimate reality, the Forms, and especially in the Form of Goodness, from whence all reality and truth and virtue and goodness derive their very existence. [TRUNCATED]