Utilizando-se a análise de conteúdo identificaram-se os marcos referenciais (nos níveis nacional e internacional) que orientaram a formação da defesa sanitária animal no Estado de São Paulo, desde a criação da Secretaria de Agricultura de São Paulo aos dias atuais. Descreveu-se o modelo atual de defesa animal, tendo como enfoque as dimensões organizacional, procedimental e operacional, precedida de uma recuperação histórica da sua formação. A defesa animal ocupou diferentes posições na estrutura organizacional da Secretaria, em função dos diferentes objetivos dos diferentes grupos governantes. Passou, de coadjuvante nos projetos de melhoramento animal, a instrumento dos controles legais. Este papel passou a ter maior nitidez, a partir de 1969, com a implantação da Campanha de Combate à Febre Aftosa. Consolidou-se, a partir da década de 1990, com a nova agenda do comércio internacional, do acordo constitutivo da Organização Mundial do Comércio e dos acordos e instrumentos jurídicos conexos que o compõem, especialmente com a adoção do Acordo sobre Aplicação de Medidas Sanitárias e Fitossanitárias. Constatou-se que as estratégias e políticas estabelecidas nos programas de defesa estão baseadas no marco referencial da epidemiologia tradicional. Este enfoque impede que se caracterizem e interpretem o papel que a organização sócio-econômica da produção possui na determinação dos problemas produtivos. A estreita aproximação entre os objetivos da defesa animal em São Paulo e os conteúdos das normas internacionais, coloca em segundo plano as prioridades internas. A base legal que define a organização da defesa não favorece a partilha do poder, no âmbito do próprio serviço, quando, contraditoriamente, espera-se de uma organização pública moderna: flexibilidade, interatividade, capacidade gerencial, visão estratégica e a prática de conceitos de qualidade. Apesar da grande quantidade de oferta de canais de participação e de integração com a sociedade não se evidenciam indicadores de efetividade. As regras estabelecidas para relações de convênio ou parceria mostram-se excessivamente burocratizadas, geralmente mais adequadas a relações com grandes grupos econômicos. Ao longo do período estudado, persiste o discurso sobre a execução de programas de Educação Sanitária, entretanto, os instrumentos e métodos descritos na base legal de atuação da defesa não privilegiam a abordagem educativa. / Using the content analysis, reference points, that have oriented the formation of the animal health service in São Paulo State, have been identified at national and international levels, since the creation starting of the Department of Agriculture of São Paulo until today. Preceded by a historical recovery of the animal health service build-up, the current model was described based on organizational, procedural and operational dimensions. Throughout the years, according to the different aims of several government groups, this service has played different roles in the Department of Agriculture?s organizational structure. The animal health service, from mere complementary technical support for the animal improvement projects, became an active agent in the control of animal diseases, especially since 1969, with the establishment of foot-and-mouth-disease control campaigns. This new role was consolidated, from the 1990´s on due to the new shedule in international trade and the constitutive agreement of the World Trade Organization and its the agreements and legal instruments mainly the adoption of the Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures Agreement (SPS). It was noticed that established strategies and policies of animal health programs are based on traditional epidemiology reference points. This approach doesn?t allow characterization and interpretation of the role of social economic organization of production has in determining productive problems. The close relation between the aims of São Paulo animal health service and the contents of international health standards leads internal priorities to a second role. The legal basis which defines the animal health service organization doesn\'t promote power in its own service, as it is expected, on the other hand, a modern public organization with flexibility, interactivity, managing capacity, strategic vision and the quality concepts practices. Despite the great offer of participation channels and integration with civil society, there is no evidence of effectiveness. The rules established for pact relations or partnerships turned out to be excessively bureaucratic, generally more suitable for agreements among large corporations. The animal health service, in theory, has a permanent focus on sanitary education; however, tools and methods described in the legal basis of action of the animal health service, don\'t emphasize educational approach.

Utilizando-se a análise de conteúdo identificaram-se os marcos referenciais (nos níveis nacional e internacional) que orientaram a formação da defesa sanitária animal no Estado de São Paulo, desde a criação da Secretaria de Agricultura de São Paulo aos dias atuais. Descreveu-se o modelo atual de defesa animal, tendo como enfoque as dimensões organizacional, procedimental e operacional, precedida de uma recuperação histórica da sua formação. A defesa animal ocupou diferentes posições na estrutura organizacional da Secretaria, em função dos diferentes objetivos dos diferentes grupos governantes. Passou, de coadjuvante nos projetos de melhoramento animal, a instrumento dos controles legais. Este papel passou a ter maior nitidez, a partir de 1969, com a implantação da Campanha de Combate à Febre Aftosa. Consolidou-se, a partir da década de 1990, com a nova agenda do comércio internacional, do acordo constitutivo da Organização Mundial do Comércio e dos acordos e instrumentos jurídicos conexos que o compõem, especialmente com a adoção do Acordo sobre Aplicação de Medidas Sanitárias e Fitossanitárias. Constatou-se que as estratégias e políticas estabelecidas nos programas de defesa estão baseadas no marco referencial da epidemiologia tradicional. Este enfoque impede que se caracterizem e interpretem o papel que a organização sócio-econômica da produção possui na determinação dos problemas produtivos. A estreita aproximação entre os objetivos da defesa animal em São Paulo e os conteúdos das normas internacionais, coloca em segundo plano as prioridades internas. A base legal que define a organização da defesa não favorece a partilha do poder, no âmbito do próprio serviço, quando, contraditoriamente, espera-se de uma organização pública moderna: flexibilidade, interatividade, capacidade gerencial, visão estratégica e a prática de conceitos de qualidade. Apesar da grande quantidade de oferta de canais de participação e de integração com a sociedade não se evidenciam indicadores de efetividade. As regras estabelecidas para relações de convênio ou parceria mostram-se excessivamente burocratizadas, geralmente mais adequadas a relações com grandes grupos econômicos. Ao longo do período estudado, persiste o discurso sobre a execução de programas de Educação Sanitária, entretanto, os instrumentos e métodos descritos na base legal de atuação da defesa não privilegiam a abordagem educativa. / Using the content analysis, reference points, that have oriented the formation of the animal health service in São Paulo State, have been identified at national and international levels, since the creation starting of the Department of Agriculture of São Paulo until today. Preceded by a historical recovery of the animal health service build-up, the current model was described based on organizational, procedural and operational dimensions. Throughout the years, according to the different aims of several government groups, this service has played different roles in the Department of Agriculture?s organizational structure. The animal health service, from mere complementary technical support for the animal improvement projects, became an active agent in the control of animal diseases, especially since 1969, with the establishment of foot-and-mouth-disease control campaigns. This new role was consolidated, from the 1990´s on due to the new shedule in international trade and the constitutive agreement of the World Trade Organization and its the agreements and legal instruments mainly the adoption of the Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures Agreement (SPS). It was noticed that established strategies and policies of animal health programs are based on traditional epidemiology reference points. This approach doesn?t allow characterization and interpretation of the role of social economic organization of production has in determining productive problems. The close relation between the aims of São Paulo animal health service and the contents of international health standards leads internal priorities to a second role. The legal basis which defines the animal health service organization doesn\'t promote power in its own service, as it is expected, on the other hand, a modern public organization with flexibility, interactivity, managing capacity, strategic vision and the quality concepts practices. Despite the great offer of participation channels and integration with civil society, there is no evidence of effectiveness. The rules established for pact relations or partnerships turned out to be excessively bureaucratic, generally more suitable for agreements among large corporations. The animal health service, in theory, has a permanent focus on sanitary education; however, tools and methods described in the legal basis of action of the animal health service, don\'t emphasize educational approach.

This thesis presents two studies that form the basis of the Samoan Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries’ (MAF) recent efforts to enhance its animal disease surveillance capacity. The first study investigated a method of enhancing the surveillance value of veterinary case data collected by the MAF’s Animal Health Service, which provides the only veterinary service for livestock in the country, through temporal analysis of cases and syndromes by species. Threshold levels generated from 3-monthly moving averages combined over 3 years of veterinary case data were used to identify unusually high numbers of cases and the cause of these unusual events were investigated. Further, the analysis of data in the system identified gaps in the coverage of the Animal Health Service which helped identify alternative methods for conducting surveillance in these areas using the Crops Division advisory officers. The objective of the second study was to identify if the veterinary case data collected by the Animal Health Service represented pig health problems in the general population. Reproduction and mortality patterns were compared on a group of 10 holdings that were regularly attended by the veterinary staff and 13 holdings that did not utilise the Animal Health Service. The performance of these holdings, measured in liveborn piglets per sow year and pre-weaning and post-weaning mortality were compared given their status as client or non-client of the service and their exposure to various management factors like confinement, protein supplementation, frequency of feeding, management time per sow per day, the use of improved or exotic breeds, the extent of commercial activity and, in the case of piglets their season of birth (rainy or dry season). The mean number of sows per herd was 6, producing a mean litter size of 6.1 piglets with a mean interfarrowing interval of 235 days. The median pre-weaning mortality per litter was 0 and a median of 1 piglet per litter was used for productive purposes (consumed, gifted or sold) at a median age of 153 days. It was found that the greatest influence on productivity in these holdings was nutrition. Sow productivity (in terms of liveborn piglets per sow year and pre-weaning survival) was best in the non-client, free range herds that did not provide protein supplementation (but whose feeding was unrestricted due to their freedom to roam and scavenge) and worst in client and non-client herds that were confined and not given protein supplementation (due to restricted and underfeeding). The mortality of pigs postweaning was significantly higher if they were free roaming, due to their loss to predation, theft and being hit by car. The study showed that the health status of pigs was better on holdings that did not use the Animal Health Service compared with those that did.

This thesis presents two studies that form the basis of the Samoan Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries’ (MAF) recent efforts to enhance its animal disease surveillance capacity. The first study investigated a method of enhancing the surveillance value of veterinary case data collected by the MAF’s Animal Health Service, which provides the only veterinary service for livestock in the country, through temporal analysis of cases and syndromes by species. Threshold levels generated from 3-monthly moving averages combined over 3 years of veterinary case data were used to identify unusually high numbers of cases and the cause of these unusual events were investigated. Further, the analysis of data in the system identified gaps in the coverage of the Animal Health Service which helped identify alternative methods for conducting surveillance in these areas using the Crops Division advisory officers. The objective of the second study was to identify if the veterinary case data collected by the Animal Health Service represented pig health problems in the general population. Reproduction and mortality patterns were compared on a group of 10 holdings that were regularly attended by the veterinary staff and 13 holdings that did not utilise the Animal Health Service. The performance of these holdings, measured in liveborn piglets per sow year and pre-weaning and post-weaning mortality were compared given their status as client or non-client of the service and their exposure to various management factors like confinement, protein supplementation, frequency of feeding, management time per sow per day, the use of improved or exotic breeds, the extent of commercial activity and, in the case of piglets their season of birth (rainy or dry season). The mean number of sows per herd was 6, producing a mean litter size of 6.1 piglets with a mean interfarrowing interval of 235 days. The median pre-weaning mortality per litter was 0 and a median of 1 piglet per litter was used for productive purposes (consumed, gifted or sold) at a median age of 153 days. It was found that the greatest influence on productivity in these holdings was nutrition. Sow productivity (in terms of liveborn piglets per sow year and pre-weaning survival) was best in the non-client, free range herds that did not provide protein supplementation (but whose feeding was unrestricted due to their freedom to roam and scavenge) and worst in client and non-client herds that were confined and not given protein supplementation (due to restricted and underfeeding). The mortality of pigs postweaning was significantly higher if they were free roaming, due to their loss to predation, theft and being hit by car. The study showed that the health status of pigs was better on holdings that did not use the Animal Health Service compared with those that did.

This thesis presents two studies that form the basis of the Samoan Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries’ (MAF) recent efforts to enhance its animal disease surveillance capacity. The first study investigated a method of enhancing the surveillance value of veterinary case data collected by the MAF’s Animal Health Service, which provides the only veterinary service for livestock in the country, through temporal analysis of cases and syndromes by species. Threshold levels generated from 3-monthly moving averages combined over 3 years of veterinary case data were used to identify unusually high numbers of cases and the cause of these unusual events were investigated. Further, the analysis of data in the system identified gaps in the coverage of the Animal Health Service which helped identify alternative methods for conducting surveillance in these areas using the Crops Division advisory officers. The objective of the second study was to identify if the veterinary case data collected by the Animal Health Service represented pig health problems in the general population. Reproduction and mortality patterns were compared on a group of 10 holdings that were regularly attended by the veterinary staff and 13 holdings that did not utilise the Animal Health Service. The performance of these holdings, measured in liveborn piglets per sow year and pre-weaning and post-weaning mortality were compared given their status as client or non-client of the service and their exposure to various management factors like confinement, protein supplementation, frequency of feeding, management time per sow per day, the use of improved or exotic breeds, the extent of commercial activity and, in the case of piglets their season of birth (rainy or dry season). The mean number of sows per herd was 6, producing a mean litter size of 6.1 piglets with a mean interfarrowing interval of 235 days. The median pre-weaning mortality per litter was 0 and a median of 1 piglet per litter was used for productive purposes (consumed, gifted or sold) at a median age of 153 days. It was found that the greatest influence on productivity in these holdings was nutrition. Sow productivity (in terms of liveborn piglets per sow year and pre-weaning survival) was best in the non-client, free range herds that did not provide protein supplementation (but whose feeding was unrestricted due to their freedom to roam and scavenge) and worst in client and non-client herds that were confined and not given protein supplementation (due to restricted and underfeeding). The mortality of pigs postweaning was significantly higher if they were free roaming, due to their loss to predation, theft and being hit by car. The study showed that the health status of pigs was better on holdings that did not use the Animal Health Service compared with those that did.

This thesis presents two studies that form the basis of the Samoan Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries’ (MAF) recent efforts to enhance its animal disease surveillance capacity. The first study investigated a method of enhancing the surveillance value of veterinary case data collected by the MAF’s Animal Health Service, which provides the only veterinary service for livestock in the country, through temporal analysis of cases and syndromes by species. Threshold levels generated from 3-monthly moving averages combined over 3 years of veterinary case data were used to identify unusually high numbers of cases and the cause of these unusual events were investigated. Further, the analysis of data in the system identified gaps in the coverage of the Animal Health Service which helped identify alternative methods for conducting surveillance in these areas using the Crops Division advisory officers. The objective of the second study was to identify if the veterinary case data collected by the Animal Health Service represented pig health problems in the general population. Reproduction and mortality patterns were compared on a group of 10 holdings that were regularly attended by the veterinary staff and 13 holdings that did not utilise the Animal Health Service. The performance of these holdings, measured in liveborn piglets per sow year and pre-weaning and post-weaning mortality were compared given their status as client or non-client of the service and their exposure to various management factors like confinement, protein supplementation, frequency of feeding, management time per sow per day, the use of improved or exotic breeds, the extent of commercial activity and, in the case of piglets their season of birth (rainy or dry season). The mean number of sows per herd was 6, producing a mean litter size of 6.1 piglets with a mean interfarrowing interval of 235 days. The median pre-weaning mortality per litter was 0 and a median of 1 piglet per litter was used for productive purposes (consumed, gifted or sold) at a median age of 153 days. It was found that the greatest influence on productivity in these holdings was nutrition. Sow productivity (in terms of liveborn piglets per sow year and pre-weaning survival) was best in the non-client, free range herds that did not provide protein supplementation (but whose feeding was unrestricted due to their freedom to roam and scavenge) and worst in client and non-client herds that were confined and not given protein supplementation (due to restricted and underfeeding). The mortality of pigs postweaning was significantly higher if they were free roaming, due to their loss to predation, theft and being hit by car. The study showed that the health status of pigs was better on holdings that did not use the Animal Health Service compared with those that did.

This thesis presents two studies that form the basis of the Samoan Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries’ (MAF) recent efforts to enhance its animal disease surveillance capacity. The first study investigated a method of enhancing the surveillance value of veterinary case data collected by the MAF’s Animal Health Service, which provides the only veterinary service for livestock in the country, through temporal analysis of cases and syndromes by species. Threshold levels generated from 3-monthly moving averages combined over 3 years of veterinary case data were used to identify unusually high numbers of cases and the cause of these unusual events were investigated. Further, the analysis of data in the system identified gaps in the coverage of the Animal Health Service which helped identify alternative methods for conducting surveillance in these areas using the Crops Division advisory officers. The objective of the second study was to identify if the veterinary case data collected by the Animal Health Service represented pig health problems in the general population. Reproduction and mortality patterns were compared on a group of 10 holdings that were regularly attended by the veterinary staff and 13 holdings that did not utilise the Animal Health Service. The performance of these holdings, measured in liveborn piglets per sow year and pre-weaning and post-weaning mortality were compared given their status as client or non-client of the service and their exposure to various management factors like confinement, protein supplementation, frequency of feeding, management time per sow per day, the use of improved or exotic breeds, the extent of commercial activity and, in the case of piglets their season of birth (rainy or dry season). The mean number of sows per herd was 6, producing a mean litter size of 6.1 piglets with a mean interfarrowing interval of 235 days. The median pre-weaning mortality per litter was 0 and a median of 1 piglet per litter was used for productive purposes (consumed, gifted or sold) at a median age of 153 days. It was found that the greatest influence on productivity in these holdings was nutrition. Sow productivity (in terms of liveborn piglets per sow year and pre-weaning survival) was best in the non-client, free range herds that did not provide protein supplementation (but whose feeding was unrestricted due to their freedom to roam and scavenge) and worst in client and non-client herds that were confined and not given protein supplementation (due to restricted and underfeeding). The mortality of pigs postweaning was significantly higher if they were free roaming, due to their loss to predation, theft and being hit by car. The study showed that the health status of pigs was better on holdings that did not use the Animal Health Service compared with those that did.