Animals kept in the captivity provide an option for morphological comparisons which are in the wild hardly feasible. Over the years, however, a many authors have detected the morphological differences between wild individuals and individuals from captivity, mostly based on the metric comparisons (eg. O'Regan, 2001, 2003; Wolfgramm, 2012; Heráň, 1986 and others), probably caused to some extent by specific confitions in the captivity. These differences were detected for example in Equidae (Groves, 1966), Rhinocerotidae (Groves, 1985) and Felidae, research made on Felidae outnumber research made on Canidae (eg. Kitchener & O'Regan, 2005). This work is focused on osteometric comparion of non-domestic members of the family Canidae, specifically on individuals bred in captivity in confrontation with the literature which providing records from wild individuals. Data were compared in several ways, statistically by t-test. The results show that zoo animals and wild-individuals differ in many aspects but surprisingly in favor of the zoo animals. Obtained results should be further using higher number of captive and wild individuals.

Orientador: Carlos Roberto Teixeira / Resumo: Os camundongos (Mus musculus) atualmente compõem a base alimentar de diversas espécies animais, tanto mamíferos como aves e répteis. tendo assim certa importância para o manejo nutricional de animais de vida livre que necessitam de tratamento, por acidentes, tráfico, animais cativos em zoológicos e centros e triagens, e animais que são comercializados como pets exóticos. Este trabalho teve por objetivo fornecer uma base de informações de dieta em relação às necessidades nutricionais de animais que se alimentam de camundongos. Foi comparado o conteúdo nutricional de quatro grupos (G1, G2, G3, G4) de camundongos diferenciados por origem e tempo de congelamento. Cada grupo gerou um pool do qual mediu-se a composição centesimal (umidade, lipídios, proteínas, cinzas), calorimetria, os minerais: Sódio (Na), Potássio (K), Cálcio (Ca), Magnésio (Mg), Fósforo (P), Ferro (Fe), Manganês (Mn), Cobre (Cu), Selênio (Se), e Zinco (Zn) e feito o perfil de ácidos graxos. Observou-se diferença estatística quando a umidade e proteínas, e quanto a amostra in natura sem congelamento quando comparada com as amostras in natura congeladas. Os resultados apresentaram uma variação (p<0,001) entre os animais provindo de biotérios e de fonte comercial, mostrando divergência no padrão de qualidade, determinando pouca confiança dos valores nutricionais de animais adquiridos congelados de fonte comercial. / Abstract: Mice (Mus musculus) currently make up a food base for several animal species, both mammals, birds and reptiles. having the same importance for the nutritional management of free-living animals that can be treated, by accidents, trafficking, captive animals in zoos and centers and screens, and animals that are marketed as exotic pets. This work aimed to provide a base of information on diet in relation to the nutritional needs of animals that feed on mice. It was compared or nutritional content of four groups (G1, G2, G3, G4) of mice differentiated by origin and freezing time. Each group generated a pool of which type of chemical composition (composition, lipids, proteins, ash), calorimetry and minerals: Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Phosphorus (P), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Copper (Cu), Selenium (Se), and Zinc (Zn) and fat profile or profile. Observe the statistical difference when a molecule and proteins and how much a fresh sample are compared to frozen samples. The results showed a variation (p <0.001) between animals that come from biotechnology and commercial sources, showing divergence in the quality standard, determining little confidence in the nutritional values of animals purchased frozen from commercial sources. / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:55:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 963021 bytes, checksum: 8a96a6bbb2cfe146519a1186ac062c91 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-15 / The Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA Brazilian Institute for the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources) recognize as legal activities the following purposes: Commercial, Scientific, Conservationist and Amateur. From those activities, only the amateur one will not be discussed in this study. In chapter one a geographic survey of the activity on national territory is made. The data used were supplied by the IBAMA, from the records performed between the years of 1976 and 2001. As a parameter, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was used to characterize the socioeconomic profile of the distribution of breeding sites. For this analysis, data supplied by Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE - Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistical) was used. Most wild fauna breeding sites, recorded at the IBAMA until 2001, showed significant percentage of the distribution associated with municipalities in which the service sector was predominant in the composition of GDP. It was also observed a higher concentration, of wild fauna breeding sites, on big and developed geographic regions of the country South and Southeast. The second chapter brings a revision of the Brazilians lawful diplomas related to the wild fauna. We looked forward, whenever was possible, to the official texts in chronologic sequence, for offer a vision of the evolution of these lawful devices. A relation of cause and consequence, between public politics intended to regulation of different categories of breeding sites and proliferation of these. In these considerations, not only the public politics were studied, the political framework as well as peculiarities of the different creations were sought to explain the founded behavior. However, according to the Brazilian social setting, there are questions about the execution capability of these. / O Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA) reconhece como legal as seguintes finalidades de criação: comercial, científica, conservacionista e amadorista esta última para passeriformes. Das categorias citadas, as três primeiras serão abordadas neste estudo, com o intuito de caracterizar o perfil socioeconômico da distribuição dos criadouros. Abordou-se a distribuição geográfica da atividade em associação com o PIB no território nacional. Para isto utilizou-se dados disponibilizados pelo IBAMA, referentes aos registros de criadouros efetuados entre os anos de 1976 e 2001, e a composição do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) municipal a partir de dados do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). A maioria dos criadouros de fauna silvestre, registrados junto ao IBAMA até o ano de 2001, estavam em municípios nos quais o setor de serviços foi predominante na composição do PIB. Observou-se também uma maior concentração dos criadouros nas grandes regiões geográficas mais desenvolvidas do país Sul e Sudeste. O segundo capítulo traz uma revisão dos diplomas legais brasileiros relativos à fauna silvestre. Buscou-se dispor, sempre que possível, os textos oficiais em seqüência cronológica, para assim oferecer uma visão da evolução destes dispositivos legais. Estabeleceu-se uma relação entre as políticas públicas destinadas à regulamentação das diferentes categorias dos criadouros e a proliferação destes. O cenário político, bem como peculiaridades das diferentes criações foram buscadas para explicar o comportamento encontrado. De modo geral, foram encontradas respostas positivas para estas políticas, porém questionando-se a exeqüibilidade destas.

Two faces of ZOO Perception of zoos from the view of their supporters and opponents The main topic of this thesis is a role of zoological gardens in the modern society, especially their importance to conservation of biodiversity as well as to progress in public education. I was interested not only in the opinions and the attitudes of the supporters of zoological gardens, but also in views of their opponents as the opposite side. In the case of the opponents I wanted to reveal if their criticism of zoos is based on negative emotions (bad feeling from breeding animals in captivity and thinking about their rights to freedom) or rise from real inadequacies (for example bad living conditions of animals). So in the theoretical part of the thesis I was concerned about contributions of zoological gardens in many ways as well as about their limitations, mostly mentioned by their opponents. To be more precise in drawing conclusions I made my own empirical research which was based on questionnaires and interviews with directors of certain zoos in the Czech Republic. The main aim of my research was not only a usual opinion poll, but also a detection of differences in opinions and personal characteristics between supporters and opponents of zoos. I also wanted to find out which aspects of zoos are highly...