Chan, Yue Yan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 36-40). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Chinese abstract --- p.ii / Acknowledgement --- p.iii / Table of Contents --- p.iv / List of figures --- p.vi / List of tables --- p.vii / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Review of literature --- p.4 / Chapter 2.1 --- Chapter introduction --- p.4 / Chapter 2.2 --- Anatomy and kinematics of the ankle --- p.4 / Chapter 2.3 --- Epidemiology of ankle sprain --- p.6 / Chapter 2.4 --- Grading system for classification of ankle sprain --- p.7 / Chapter 2.5 --- Previous measures of protecting ankle from sprain injury --- p.7 / Chapter 2.6 --- Usage of motion sensors in human motion detection --- p.9 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- A mechanical supination sprain simulator for studying ankle supination sprain kinematics --- p.11 / Chapter 3.1 --- Chapter Introduction --- p.11 / Chapter 3.2 --- Methods --- p.12 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results --- p.17 / Chapter 3.4 --- Discussion --- p.17 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- Identification of simulated ankle supination sprain from other normal motions by gyrometers and accelerometers --- p.19 / Chapter 4.1 --- Chapter introduction --- p.19 / Chapter 4.2 --- Methods --- p.20 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Data collection --- p.20 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Support Vector Machine for classification of human motion --- p.22 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Training the Support Vector Machine --- p.23 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Support Vector Machine verification --- p.24 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- Choose the optimal position of motion sensor --- p.25 / Chapter 4.3 --- Results --- p.25 / Chapter 4.4 --- Discussion --- p.29 / Chapter Chapter 5: --- Summary and future development --- p.34 / References --- p.36 / List of publications --- p.41 / List of presentations at international and local conferences --- p.41 / Appendix I: --- p.42 / Related publication: / "Chan, Y. Y., Fong, D. T. P., Yung, P. S. H., Fung, K. Y., & Chan, K. M (1998). A mechanical supination sprain simulator for studying ankle supination sprain kinematics. Journal of Biomechanics. 41(11), 2571-2574." / Appendix II: --- p.46 / Ethical approval of the investigation of ankle torque and motion signal pattern in foot segment during simulate sprain and other motion

After investigating the injury mechanism, this dissertation aims to design an intelligent sprain-free sports shoe for the prevention of sport-related ankle sprain injury. It consists of a three-step mechanism: (1) Sensing, (2) Identification, and (3) Correction. The progress of this dissertation covers two options of sensing and identification. The first option is to monitor the ankle spraining motion with the ankle inversion angle. A method to employ two tiny inertial and magnetic sensors at the shank and foot segment is adopted as the sensing system. A laboratory study is conducted to obtain ankle inversion magnitude and velocity during various sport motions. Together with the article kinematics reported in the accidental sprain case report, a standard for identifying ankle sprain is established. The second option is to monitor the ankle spraining motion with the ankle supination torque. A feasible method to estimate the complete ground reaction forces with the information from pressure insoles is presented. Then, a tiny in-shoe three-pressure-sensor system is devised to monitor the ankle supination torque during sport motions. With the information of failure torque at the ankle joint reported by previous cadaveric study, an identification system of the ankle supination torque is devised. / Ankle sprain injury is the most common single type of sport-related musculoskeletal trauma which causes rupture and tear to the anterior talofibular ligament and ankle instability. In this dissertation, a new paradigm, "Orthopaedic Sport Biomechanics", is proposed to present the role of biomechanics in the practice of orthopaedics sports medicine, including the analysis of injury mechanism, and the design of prophylactic equipment for injury prevention. To directly investigate the injury, a case report of an accidental injury event in laboratory is presented. It was found that an internally rotated ankle orientation at foot strike may predispose the ankle joint to a supination sprain injury, by triggering lateral drift of the rearfoot and the subsequent vigorous inversion. At injury, the ankle joint reached an inversion of 48 degrees and an internal rotation of 10 degrees. / Future studies on the sensing and identification process, the correction, and the final evaluation are suggested. We hope that we could really invent the sprain-free shoe to help reducing the incidence of ankle sprain injury in sports in future. / Fong, Tik Pui Daniel. / Adviser: Kai-Ming Chan. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-06, Section: B, page: 3635. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 102-127). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.