Abstract  There has been lots of research written on Rwanda and Burundi, there are few texts written about comparing these two countries  that are often described as “fake twins'' and their respective post conflict development models. Where Rwanda opted for security and development over democratic inclusion compared to Burundi´s models that focused more on power sharing and political inclusion over security and development.  The overall literature on the subject is quite outdated and it touches more upon different  ideas of post conflict development few texts are written on post conflict development and models in ethnic divided societies. This thesis compares Rwanda and Burundi’s post conflict development models. To understand the situation in these countries, the thesis provides an historical overview of these countries as well as the origins between the two main ethnic groups Hutu and Tutsi. As well has how the colonial period have been a big factor into shaping the current situations in the countries with the relationship between Hutu and Tutsi and Rwanda and Burundi’s present constitution.  With the use of a structured focus comparative case study 8 secondary sources and semi-structured interviews were conducted on 4 key informative to gather data. Two theories were used to analyze the data material, security development nexus and historical institutionalism. Through the data materials findings could be analyzed where the different post conflict government that Rwanda and Burundi had implemented was compared and the conclusion could be drawn that creating a stable society in countries that have such an immense division between people is extremely difficult. In this thesis Rwanda and Burundi’s post conflict models were compared to understand the different effects and consequences of their respective post conflict model. The literature and interviewees believed the situation in Rwanda as better than Burundi in terms of development, however Burundi’s vision of creating a democratic and power-sharing government might turn out better in the long run, however they still have plenty of issues to deal with before that could happen.

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