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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Antimaláricos a partir de moléculas obtidas por síntese como análogos de cloroquina e compostos naftoquinoidais

Souza, Nicolli Bellotti de January 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Nuzia Santos (nuzia@cpqrr.fiocruz.br) on 2015-11-20T18:09:59Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Nicolli.pdf: 41800532 bytes, checksum: a9af9766127bc87ea21823b743fd530e (MD5) Nicolli.pdf: 41800532 bytes, checksum: a9af9766127bc87ea21823b743fd530e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Nuzia Santos (nuzia@cpqrr.fiocruz.br) on 2015-11-20T18:10:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Nicolli.pdf: 41800532 bytes, checksum: a9af9766127bc87ea21823b743fd530e (MD5) Nicolli.pdf: 41800532 bytes, checksum: a9af9766127bc87ea21823b743fd530e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-20T18:10:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Nicolli.pdf: 41800532 bytes, checksum: a9af9766127bc87ea21823b743fd530e (MD5) Nicolli.pdf: 41800532 bytes, checksum: a9af9766127bc87ea21823b743fd530e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Rene Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil / A resistência de Plasmodium falciparum aos antimaláricos esquizonticidas sanguíneos disponíveis, como a atovaquona e derivados de artemisinina, e a de P. vivax à cloroquina (CQ), exige a busca por alternativas quimioterápicas, objetivo deste trabalho. Como estratégia geradora de novos protótipos antimaláricos, foram feitas modificações estruturais (i) na CQ, as quais resultaram em 10 análogos de cloroquina (AnCQ), sendo quatro complexados com platina (AnCQPt), com atividade previamente descrita na malária pelo P. berghei; (ii) na atovaquona, originando oito naftoquinonas; e (iii) no lapachol, resultando em 11 compostos naftoquinoidais. Essas classes de moléculas foram avaliadas in vitro quanto a sua citotoxicidade (MCL50) e atividade antiplasmodial (IC50) contra parasitos sensíveis (S) ou resistentes (R) à CQ. Os índices de seletividade (IS), expressos pela razão entre essas duas atividades biológicas, foram obtidos. Os AnCQ foram mais ativos contra P. falciparum CQ-R in vitro e mais ativos que os AnCQPt e mostraram IS superiores ao da CQ. Para elucidar seu modo de ação, os AnCQ foram avaliados in silico quanto à ancoragem molecular na lactatodesidrogenase de P. falciparum (PfLDH) ou humana (HssLDH). O AnCQ33 apresentou melhor conformação na PfLDH; AnCQ37 apresentou especificidade em relação à enzima humana. Os AnCQ com maiores IS (AnCQ 33 e 37) e a CQ foram ainda avaliados quanto sua capacidade de inibir a formação de -hematina, sendo tão ou menos ativos que a CQ. Avaliados quanto ao potencial de causar a morte (atividade citocida) ou impedir o crescimento (atividade citostática) de P. falciparum CQ-S e CQ-R, esses análogos demonstraram potencial citocida similar, e potencial citostático maior contra parasitos CQ-R. Os AnCQ foram ativos contra parasitos CQ-S e CQ-R na malária pelo P. berghei. Duas naftoquinonas (2 e 5) apresentaram IS superiores ao da CQ e inibiram a parasitemia pelo P. berghei em camundongos, com destaque para a naftoquinona 2. Em conclusão, os melhores candidatos à produção de um antimalárico esquizonticida sanguíneo foram AnCQ33 e 37 e a naftoquinona 2. / The resistance of P. falciparum to the available blood-schizonticidal antimalarials, such as atovaquone (ATVQ) and artemisinin derivatives, and that of P. vivax to chloroquine (CQ), requires the search for new chemotherapeutic alternatives, aim of this work. As a strategy of generating new antimalarial prototypes, structural modifications were performed (i) on CQ which provided 10 chloroquine analogs (CQAn), four of which being platinum-complexed (CQAnPt), with activity previously described against P.berghei-malaria; (ii) on atovaquone, providing eight naphthoquinones; and (iii) on lapachol, providing 11 naphthoquinoidal compounds. These classes of molecules were evaluated in vitro for their cytotoxicity (MLD50) and antiplasmodial activity (IC50) against CQ-sensitive (S) or resistant (R) parasites. The selectivity indexes (SI), expressed by the ratio between these two biological activities, were obtained. The CQAn were more active against CQ-R P. falciparum in vitro and more active than the CQAnPt, and exhibited SI higher than that of CQ. To elucidate their mode of action, the CQAn were evaluated in silico for molecular docking to the lactate-dehydrogenase of P. falciparum (PfLDH) or humans (HssLDH). The CQAn33 exhibited the best conformation inside PfLDH; CQAn37 exhibited specificity in relation to the human enzyme. The CQAn having the highest SI were evaluated for their ability to inhibit -haematin formation, being so or less active than CQ. Evaluated for their potential to kill (cytocidal activity) or prevent growth (cytostatic activity) of P. falciparum CQ-R and CQ-S, these analogs demonstrated similar cytocidal potential, and higher cytostatic potential against CQ-R parasites. The CQAn were active against CQ-R and CQ-S parasites in P.berghei-malaria. Two naphthoquinones (2and 5) exhibited SI higher than that of CQ and inhibited P. berghei-parasitemia in mice, with highlight to naphthoquinone 2. In conclusion, the best candidates for the production of a blood-schizonticidal antimalarial were CQAn33, 37 and the naphthoquinone 2

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