全民收藏熱的興起是中國經濟改革以來的顯著文化現象之一，其中古玩收藏從過去特權階層的風雅嗜好，變成了如今全民參與的業餘文化生活，但事實上，古玩與特權階層的聯繫卻並沒有隨著其平民化的進程而徹底消解，而是在這一過程中重新生成了一套遊戲規則，將新時代的收藏者們劃分類別、區隔層次。具體的劃分依據即是個體藏品的品質以及收藏者的"眼力"。 / 什麼是眼力？它如何習得？持有者經由何種途徑獲得認可而使其成爲古玩權威？權威的等級高低如何劃分？不同層級的權威分別置身於什麼樣的社會層位？個體將以何種方式宣告這一社會地位的合法性？本文以中國南方一個三線城市的個案研究來探索這些問題，故事中的兩位主角自1990年代脫離體制單位、下海經商，後轉入古玩界發展，完成了由草根轉變為古玩權威的身份蛻變，並由此進入了地方的精英階層。這一過程歷時近二十年，從改革初期橫跨至今。 / 在這一時段的中國社會，人群發生大規模的重組，新的階層結構亦正在形成。對此，學界達成共識的一些看法是：改革時期實現個體資本合法化、達成向上社會流動的主要渠道仍是正規的學校教育，並且當個體獲得了某種社會地位之後，往往以消費作爲宣告其身份合法性的手段。那麼，是否存在著其他替代性的流動渠道與資本合法化的方式呢？ / 具體到古玩收藏的場域，個案中的兩位主角並沒有很好的機會接受教育，他們主要以自學和市場買賣等渠道習得古玩界定知識，然後以舉辦大型展覽的方式獲得前輩專家權威的認可，以此樹立起自身的權威地位。但在實踐這種長輩授予式的合法化程序中，他們卻意外地遭遇了長輩失德、真僞不辨等一系列顛覆權威合法性依據的問題，致使程序未能按計劃完成，作爲文化資本的"眼力"亦未能盡數轉化為象徵資本，但其中已然轉化成功的那一部分，也給他們帶來了一定的榮譽和地位，使之獲得了地方政協委員和省文史館館員等重要的社會身份，意味著國家對個體的鑑定眼力給予了正式的認可。兩位草根出身的古玩行家由此躋身於以政協關係為中心的地方精英圈中，與受過高等教育的其他專家型成員一並享有近似的人生機遇，這些國家頭銜也因此而成爲了他們強調合法地位的主要表達。本研究著力於這一眼力合法化過程的分析，意在呈現當代古玩收藏場域遊戲規則的同時，從中揭示社會轉型時期如何在非常規渠道中建構個體身份合法性並實現社會流動的一種可能。 / Since the late 1980s, antique collecting has become a nationwide consumption craze among Chinese people from all walks of life. A set of cultural norms has emerged to distinguish different contemporary collectors from one another. The key of making such distinction lies in evaluating individuals’ quality of collection and authenticating skills, their "discerning eye" or yanli in Chinese. As a result, individuals are categorized into two groups: ordinary collectors with varying levels of yanli, and highly ranked antique authorities with professionally recognized yanli. What is the mechanism of such an evaluation? And what’s the nature of the categorization? / This research explores the hierarchical structure of antique-collectors by examining the legitimization process of yanli. My fieldwork was conducted in a city in south China, focusing on the occupational paths of two individuals. Though lacking in higher education, they taught themselves knowledge of antiques and honed their authenticating skills through trading, and later showed their yanli to the public by putting on exhibitions, where a number of senior antique authorities were invited as special guests. It is in the presence of these senior authorities that the quality of exhibitions were affirmed and the yanli of my informants was professionally recognized. After staging a series of exhibitions from the late 1990s to the mid 2000s, they successfully managed to become antique authorities and eventually obtained the membership in the local elite class, meeting with politically powerful and with highly educated individuals as equals. I thus use their life stories to demonstrate the occupational mobility in the antiques field from 1990s to the present, showing how yanli has been legitimized and how the result of this legitimization fit into the picture of emerging class structure in post-socialist China. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 武洹宇. / Parallel title from added title page. / Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 268-277). / Abstracts also in English. / Wu Yuanyu.