Background The harm of smoking tobacco remained one of the greatest health impacts and estimated costs to global population. Therefore, I reviewed the studies that had individual aspect of psychological theories, perceived susceptibility, individual’s attitude, perceived norms and self-efficacy as the prediction for the possible effects of media effects. Methods A systematic review was performed for evaluating the possible effects of antismoking framing in mass media. Specific keywords were used to search for all relevant studies from 1946 to25 April 2013 in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Microsoft Academic Search. I included articles about media campaign that promoted the target outcome, cognitive-behavioral change. I excluded any mass media campaign that had not explicitly identify the theories that present their message creation and campaign strategies. Last, I excluded any trial or intervention study of theory-based framing if the study did not examine the effect of antismoking message on a mass media campaign. Results 13 out of 1670 articles that described the antismoking framing in mass media campaigns were included in the systematic review. The review studies included five cross-sectional, four pretest-posttest design, three longitudinal, and onetime series design studies. In 9 out of 13 my literature articles, fear appeal was applied to present a risk of disease, and diverted the audiences to have smoking cessation and prevention, so that was categorized to have the factor of perceived susceptibility and individuals’ attitude against smoking. Discussion Our systematic review clarified practicable structure of framing message for reduction of smoking prevalence and its outcome measure of effectiveness. It lacks of a fine discrimination to access all the pathways and determinants of the major psychological models, so I could not measure the independent effect and interaction of the four psychological factors. Other limitations are recall bias and response bias. In Hong Kong, it was recommended to create antismoking message with the factor of perceived norm and self-efficacy in targeting low SES, minor races or disadvantage groups. / published_or_final_version / Public Health / Master / Master of Public Health

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on March 11, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--Brigham Young University. Dept. of Communications, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 167-180).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2004. / Advisor: Dr. Patricia Yancey Martin, Florida State University, College of Social Sciences, Dept. of Sociology. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 27, 2004). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on September 8, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A. in communication)--Washington State University, May 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 31-37).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Delaware, 2007. / Principal faculty advisor: Marian L. Palley, Dept. of Political Science & International Relations. Includes bibliographical references.

Magister Psychologiae - MPsych / Tobacco smoking remains the largest preventable behavioural cause of chronic disease and premature death. Many people continue to engage in this behaviour, despite the well-known negative health consequences. The most common form of smoking is cigarette smoking, which is a type of risk-taking behaviour that is becoming increasingly prevalent among adolescents. Cigarette consumption rates are increasing among adolescents in various parts of the world; each year nearly a million adolescents start to smoke. This behaviour, if continued into adulthood, may lead to a range of debilitating diseases of lifestyle. In an effort to contribute to the success of adolescent smoking cessation programmes in South Africa, this study looks at the factors that motivate and support adolescents‘ decision to start and continue with their cigarette smoking behaviour. Utilising a qualitative framework, individual interviews were carried out with six boys and six girls from an English-medium high school within Cape Town. The participants‘ ages ranged from 16-18 years. Through the use of thematic analysis, the results show that adolescents smoking are not determined by knowledge, beliefs and attitudes alone, but by social and environmental influences as well. Risk and protective factors for adolescent smoking was identified on a psychological, physical, social/environmental level cross-cuttingly on the different stages of the smoking cycle. Of importance was the adolescents‘ common misinterpretation of 'smoking out of habit‘ for 'addiction‘. Essentially, this study focused on the importance of adolescent health and how it is affected by factors associated with tobacco use in South Africa. Therefore, a key recommendation of this study would be for these underlying risk and protective factors needs to be integrated to strengthen current smoking cessation programmes.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2003. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 132-141). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2003. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 132-141). Also available on the Internet.