[No abstract available] / Science, Faculty of / Chemistry, Department of / Graduate

Yellow Newtown apples handled in bulk in large twenty-five bushel bins showed less bruising than those handled in standard one-bushel field boxes. Most of the bruising took place during the dumping on to the grader operation rather than at picking time. The mechanical dumping of the large bins did not cause as severe bruising as did the manual dumping of the field boxes. The apples bulk handled and stored in the large bins proceeded at a lower respiration rate, maintained a higher sugar level, kept firmer, shrivelled less and were freer from storage physiological disorders than those similarly handled and stored in the standard field boxes. Storing apples in polyethylene bags kept the fruit in a similar physiological condition to that of apples stored in bulk bins. Evidence presented suggests that storage in large bulk bins effects apples in a beneficial manner similarly to the use of polyethylene box liners and to controlled atmosphere storage. It was concluded that bulk-handling is beneficial to the post - harvest physiology of Yellow Newtown apples. It improves their storage qualities, preserves a better appearance and so increases their marketability in comparison to apples which are handled in standard field boxes. / Land and Food Systems, Faculty of / Graduate

Naturally occurring compact (spur type) apple trees (Malus sylvestris L.) were compared with standard and Alar treated trees. Stem anatomy received special attention because no comparisons had been done of the stem anatomy in standard and compact apple trees. Anatomical studies of leaves in compact mutants and in Alar treated Red Delicious are more detailed than in earlier reports. Four cultivars were used in the studies. They were Harrold Red Delicious, a compact mutant of Red Delicious, namely Starkrimson, and standard Golden Delicious, and its compact mutant Starkspur. There were three main studies in this investigation. In the first study, anatomical examinations were made on the four cultivars without Alar treatment. Starkspur Golden Delicious was found to have the thickest leaf and palisade parenchyma among the four cultivars studied. The compact type was found to have a thicker leaf, palisade parenchyma and greater mean palisade number when compared with the standard type. The effect of Alar at concentrations of 0 and 1000 ppm on the same cultivars was investigated in the second study. The suppression of terminal growth by Alar varied among the cultivars. The response to Alar was greatest with Starkspur and 50 per cent inhibition of shoot growth was observed. Starkrimson was not affected by Alar treatment. Microscopic examination revealed that there were no significant differences in cell length of collenchyma, parenchyma and pith cells or in cell diameters and tissue thickness when the samples were taken from the first internode under the growing tip. In study three, the effect of Alar and its interaction with gibberellic acid on Red and Golden Delicious were considered. In this study, comparisons were also made with the untreated compact mutants. Alar treatments of Red Delicious were found to increase thickness of total leaf, spongy parenchyma and the length of palisade cells. The latter two accounted for the increase in total thickness of Alar-treated Red Delicious leaves. Gibberellic acid stimulated the shoot growth of Golden Delicious and Starkspur by 29 per cent, but this stimulating effect was prevented by Alar. / Land and Food Systems, Faculty of / Graduate

The main purpose of this study was to examine aspects of interregional competition in fresh apple production in Canada. Two spatial equilibrium models, namely the transportation model and the supply-distribution model were used in establishing interregional trade patterns for fresh apples under given efficiency criteria, with major reference to the period July 1st. 1965 to June 30th 1966. The area studied included all of Canada which was disaggregated into supply and demand regions each having a representative point of origin. The transportation model comprised 9 domestic supply points, allowing for import points of entry, and 10 domestic demand points. The supply-distribution model utilized the four major apple producing regions in Canada together with three United States supply points, while maintaining the same 10 domestic demand points. The results of the study indicate that the Canadian fresh apple industry tends to be oriented around two distinct domestic market areas, one composed of the western provinces and the other the eastern provinces. Hence, British Columbia as a producing region for fresh apples can be identified mainly with all demand regions in the west as far as Winnipeg. In the east, the three major apple producing areas: Nova Scotia, Quebec and Ontario can be identified mainly with their own regional demand centres. With the inclusion of the three United States supply points in the analysis, the overall trading pattern did not undergo any significant change. Under two situations tested, no recommendation was made for shipment of fresh apples from a United States supply point to a Canadian demand point. Under the conditions assumed, therefore, production of fresh apples in the United States was not shown as meeting the competition in Canada from domestic producers. While the model incorporates several simplifying assumptions, the study produces new information on the competitive structure of Canadian fresh apple production. Furthermore, it would appear to exhibit methodological value in the sense that additional data accumulation and refinement would permit an even more penetrating analysis of interregional competition using the type of models already applied. / Land and Food Systems, Faculty of / Graduate

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Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 1965. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 97-99). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute, 1951. / Typewritten. Vita. "Literature cited": leaves 61-63. Also available via the Internet.