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Um modelo conceitual para aprendizagem colaborativa baseada na execução de projetos pela Web. / A conceptual model for collaborative e-learning based on the execution of projects.Luisa Aleyda Garcia González 20 December 2005 (has links)
O ensino da Engenharia por meios eletrônicos de aprendizagem demanda a implementação de métodos práticos que facilitem ao aluno aprender conteúdos do tipo procedimentos e atitudes, por meio da ação, da interação dos participantes, e da integração de conhecimentos de diferentes áreas. Esta aprendizagem só pode ser efetiva em contextos significativos e a partir de situações específicas, que são estimulados com a utilização do método de projeto. A eficácia deste método é alcançada quando utilizado em grupos, onde um membro aprende na integração com outro, compartilhando recursos e conhecimentos, e adquirindo ou exercitando um conjunto de habilidades pessoais, atualmente muito necessárias no trabalho profissional do Engenheiro. Embora conhecida a importância do método de projeto no estilo de aprendizagem colaborativa, não existem orientações para sua utilização no modelo de ensino-aprendizagem a distância. Este cenário representou a principal motivação para propor, neste trabalho, um modelo conceitual para aprendizagem colaborativa baseada na execução de projetos pela Web (MAC-BP). O modelo é organizado em três submodelos relacionados entre si, que caracterizam a criação, a execução e o suporte das atividades instrucionais colaborativas utilizadas no ensino da Engenharia. Um modelo para planejar as atividades e responsabilidades do especialista, encarregado pela criação do conteúdo e das atividades de grupo baseados no método de projeto; um modelo de colaboração que formaliza a coordenação das interações dos membros do grupo, através de um autômato finito; e um modelo para o ambiente de suporte às atividades instrucionais colaborativas, que busca integrar as funcionalidades requeridas pelos ambientes CSCL (Computer Supported Cooperative Learning), algumas presentes, porém dispersas, entre os sistemas disponíveis de suporte à colaboração. Por outro lado, a concepção das atividades instrucionais para grupos, além de representar uma tarefa que consome muito tempo, constitui um processo trabalhoso. Em geral, neste processo, a criação dos recursos envolvidos numa ação de aprendizagem específica está estreitamente relacionada ao formato da ferramenta utilizada para sua criação e gerenciamento, dificultando assim a reutilização dos elementos educacionais por novas aplicações. Este novo cenário converteu-se numa outra motivação para colaborar nesta área. Neste trabalho identificam-se os elementos (objetos e ações) compartilháveis de aprendizagem colaborativa envolvidos no modelo MAC-BP e propõe-se um conjunto de especificações técnicas para a criação e utilização destes elementos, segundo as especificações ADL-SCORM e IMS-LD divulgadas para o modelo de EAD orientado à aprendizagem individual. Assim, as duas propostas apresentadas neste trabalho pretendem contribuir com os esforços de padronização dos recursos e procedimentos de suporte ao ensino-aprendizagem, em sistemas eletrônicos de suporte à aprendizagem colaborativa na área de pesquisa dos sistemas CSCL. Especificamente, as propostas indicam caminhos para a inovação do processo pedagógico, e se constituem em guias para os instrutores na criação das aplicações de aprendizagem colaborativa baseadas em projeto e na criação dos elementos instrucionais envolvidos nelas, além de oferecer uma solução para a coordenação das interações colaborativas do grupo durante a execução de projetos, o que representa um suporte à aprendizagem em grupo na área de Engenharia. / Engineering Education in e-learning environments demands the implementation of practical methods that facilitates learning of contents of the type: procedures and attitudes by means of action, of the interaction among participants and the integration of knowledge of different fields. This learning can only be effective in significant contexts and from specific situations that are stimulated by using the project method. The effectiveness of this method is reached when used of preference in groups; in such a way that a participant learns with another by sharing resources and knowledge and acquiring or exercising a set of personal abilities, which are necessary for the professional work of the engineer. In spite of the well-recognized importance of the project method for collaborative e-learning, no comprehensive guidelines have yet been set out for distance education. This scenario represented the main motivation to propose a conceptual Model for Collaborative e-Learning Based on the execution of Web supported Projects (MAC-BP). This model is organized in three sub models related among them representing the creation, the execution, and the support of the collaborative instructional activities used in Engineering Teaching. One model is devoted to plan the activities and responsibilities of the specialist, the person in charge of the elaboration of contents and planning the activities of the group based on the project method. The second is a collaborative model aiming to formalize the coordination of the interactions among the members of the group, through a finite automaton. The last model is conceived as a supporting environment to the collaborative instructional activities aiming to integrate the functionalities required by CSCL (Computer Supported Cooperative Learning) environments, some of them already existing, however highly scattered among the available systems for supporting collaboration. On the other hand, the conception of instructional activities for groups is a time-consuming task and constitutes a laborious process. In general, the creation of the involved resources in a specific learning action is intimately related to the format of the tool used for its creation and management, making difficult to reuse the educational elements in new applications. This is a additional motivation to intend to make some contribution to this field. In this work, the shareable elements of collaborative learning (objects and actions) involved in the model MAC-BP are identified. In addition, a set of technical specifications is suggested for the elaboration and use of these elements, according to ADL-SCORM and IMS-LD specifications previously reported for the EAD model focused on individual learning. In summary, the two proposals showed in this work intend to contribute to the efforts of standardization of resources and procedures in order to support the teaching-learning process by means of electronic systems conceived to support the collaborative learning in the investigation of CSCL systems. These proposals indicate ways to innovate the pedagogical process, and constitute guides for instructors to develop new applications of project-based collaborative learning and the elaboration of the involved instructional elements. In addition, the proposals give a solution to the coordination of group collaborative interactions during the execution of projects and represent a support to collaborative learning in Engineering.
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Um modelo conceitual para aprendizagem colaborativa baseada na execução de projetos pela Web. / A conceptual model for collaborative e-learning based on the execution of projects.Garcia González, Luisa Aleyda 20 December 2005 (has links)
O ensino da Engenharia por meios eletrônicos de aprendizagem demanda a implementação de métodos práticos que facilitem ao aluno aprender conteúdos do tipo procedimentos e atitudes, por meio da ação, da interação dos participantes, e da integração de conhecimentos de diferentes áreas. Esta aprendizagem só pode ser efetiva em contextos significativos e a partir de situações específicas, que são estimulados com a utilização do método de projeto. A eficácia deste método é alcançada quando utilizado em grupos, onde um membro aprende na integração com outro, compartilhando recursos e conhecimentos, e adquirindo ou exercitando um conjunto de habilidades pessoais, atualmente muito necessárias no trabalho profissional do Engenheiro. Embora conhecida a importância do método de projeto no estilo de aprendizagem colaborativa, não existem orientações para sua utilização no modelo de ensino-aprendizagem a distância. Este cenário representou a principal motivação para propor, neste trabalho, um modelo conceitual para aprendizagem colaborativa baseada na execução de projetos pela Web (MAC-BP). O modelo é organizado em três submodelos relacionados entre si, que caracterizam a criação, a execução e o suporte das atividades instrucionais colaborativas utilizadas no ensino da Engenharia. Um modelo para planejar as atividades e responsabilidades do especialista, encarregado pela criação do conteúdo e das atividades de grupo baseados no método de projeto; um modelo de colaboração que formaliza a coordenação das interações dos membros do grupo, através de um autômato finito; e um modelo para o ambiente de suporte às atividades instrucionais colaborativas, que busca integrar as funcionalidades requeridas pelos ambientes CSCL (Computer Supported Cooperative Learning), algumas presentes, porém dispersas, entre os sistemas disponíveis de suporte à colaboração. Por outro lado, a concepção das atividades instrucionais para grupos, além de representar uma tarefa que consome muito tempo, constitui um processo trabalhoso. Em geral, neste processo, a criação dos recursos envolvidos numa ação de aprendizagem específica está estreitamente relacionada ao formato da ferramenta utilizada para sua criação e gerenciamento, dificultando assim a reutilização dos elementos educacionais por novas aplicações. Este novo cenário converteu-se numa outra motivação para colaborar nesta área. Neste trabalho identificam-se os elementos (objetos e ações) compartilháveis de aprendizagem colaborativa envolvidos no modelo MAC-BP e propõe-se um conjunto de especificações técnicas para a criação e utilização destes elementos, segundo as especificações ADL-SCORM e IMS-LD divulgadas para o modelo de EAD orientado à aprendizagem individual. Assim, as duas propostas apresentadas neste trabalho pretendem contribuir com os esforços de padronização dos recursos e procedimentos de suporte ao ensino-aprendizagem, em sistemas eletrônicos de suporte à aprendizagem colaborativa na área de pesquisa dos sistemas CSCL. Especificamente, as propostas indicam caminhos para a inovação do processo pedagógico, e se constituem em guias para os instrutores na criação das aplicações de aprendizagem colaborativa baseadas em projeto e na criação dos elementos instrucionais envolvidos nelas, além de oferecer uma solução para a coordenação das interações colaborativas do grupo durante a execução de projetos, o que representa um suporte à aprendizagem em grupo na área de Engenharia. / Engineering Education in e-learning environments demands the implementation of practical methods that facilitates learning of contents of the type: procedures and attitudes by means of action, of the interaction among participants and the integration of knowledge of different fields. This learning can only be effective in significant contexts and from specific situations that are stimulated by using the project method. The effectiveness of this method is reached when used of preference in groups; in such a way that a participant learns with another by sharing resources and knowledge and acquiring or exercising a set of personal abilities, which are necessary for the professional work of the engineer. In spite of the well-recognized importance of the project method for collaborative e-learning, no comprehensive guidelines have yet been set out for distance education. This scenario represented the main motivation to propose a conceptual Model for Collaborative e-Learning Based on the execution of Web supported Projects (MAC-BP). This model is organized in three sub models related among them representing the creation, the execution, and the support of the collaborative instructional activities used in Engineering Teaching. One model is devoted to plan the activities and responsibilities of the specialist, the person in charge of the elaboration of contents and planning the activities of the group based on the project method. The second is a collaborative model aiming to formalize the coordination of the interactions among the members of the group, through a finite automaton. The last model is conceived as a supporting environment to the collaborative instructional activities aiming to integrate the functionalities required by CSCL (Computer Supported Cooperative Learning) environments, some of them already existing, however highly scattered among the available systems for supporting collaboration. On the other hand, the conception of instructional activities for groups is a time-consuming task and constitutes a laborious process. In general, the creation of the involved resources in a specific learning action is intimately related to the format of the tool used for its creation and management, making difficult to reuse the educational elements in new applications. This is a additional motivation to intend to make some contribution to this field. In this work, the shareable elements of collaborative learning (objects and actions) involved in the model MAC-BP are identified. In addition, a set of technical specifications is suggested for the elaboration and use of these elements, according to ADL-SCORM and IMS-LD specifications previously reported for the EAD model focused on individual learning. In summary, the two proposals showed in this work intend to contribute to the efforts of standardization of resources and procedures in order to support the teaching-learning process by means of electronic systems conceived to support the collaborative learning in the investigation of CSCL systems. These proposals indicate ways to innovate the pedagogical process, and constitute guides for instructors to develop new applications of project-based collaborative learning and the elaboration of the involved instructional elements. In addition, the proposals give a solution to the coordination of group collaborative interactions during the execution of projects and represent a support to collaborative learning in Engineering.
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Significance of the Rosslyn pillars and pillars known to have been incorporated in ANE templesParker-Wood, Marlene Margaret 30 November 2007 (has links)
From Ancient Near Eastern texts, the Bible and archaeological artefacts, we are able to glimpse an over arching belief in a feminine deity. During the occupation of the Temple Mount by the Knights Templars, earlier traditions were ”re-discovered” and accepted as a de facto tradition.
William St Clair at the threshold of the Renaissance, mindful of the danger of heresy, was intellectually able to bring together many traditions into a broad Biblically-based theology that recognised the early Israelite traditions as the foundation of Christian belief. All this is evident in Rosslyn Chapel. / OLD TESTAMENT and ANCIENT NE / MA (BIBLICAL ARCHAEOLOGY)
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A Case Study of the Ellison Model's Use of Mentoring as an Approach Toward Inclusive Community BuildingRice, Claire Michele 05 April 2001 (has links)
The Ellison Executive Mentoring Inclusive Community Building (ICB) Model is a paradigm for initiating and implementing projects utilizing executives and professionals from a variety of fields and industries, university students, and pre-college students. The model emphasizes adherence to ethical values and promotes inclusiveness in community development. It is a hierarchical model in which actors in each succeeding level of operation serve as mentors to the next. Through a three-step process--content, process, and product--participants must be trained with this mentoring and apprenticeship paradigm in conflict resolution, and they receive sensitivitiy and diversity training, through an interactive and dramatic exposition. The content phase introduces participants to the model's philosophy, ethics, values and methods of operation. The process used to teach and reinforce its precepts is the mentoring and apprenticeship activities and projects in which the participants engage and whose end product demontrates their knowledge and understanding of the model's concepts. This study sought to ascertain from the participants' perspectives whether the model's mentoring approach is an effective means of fostering inclusiveness, based upon their own experiences in using it. The research utilized a qualitative approach and included data from field observations, individual and group interviews, and written accounts of participants' attitudes. Participants complete ICB projects utilizing the Ellison Model as a method of development and implementation. They generally perceive that the model is a viable tool for dealing with diversity issues whether at work, at school, or at home. The projects are also instructional in that whether participants are mentored or seve as apprentices, they gain useful skills and knowledge about their careers. Since the model is relatively new, there is ample room for research in a variety of areas including organizational studies to dertmine its effectiveness in combating problems related to various kinds of discrimination.
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Hrad vzdělání a národa. Vznik, proměny a význam středního školství v politickém okresu Sušice mezi reformami 1869 a 1953 / Castle of education and nation. Genesis, development and importance of secondary schooling in the district of Sušice between the reforms in 1869 and 1953Hanus, Adam January 2018 (has links)
The Castle of Education and the Nation is a work concerning secondary segment of schooling system in the political district of Sušice. The time scope of the work is framed by two school reforms from years 1869 and 1953. The work is divided into four topic areas. The opening part dedicates its attention to crucial literature regarding secondary schools, based on it the development of the secondary schooling in the inquired period is outlined, also the formation and evolution of secondary schooling in the political district of Sušice. Second part founded on the primary source research. All secondary schools in the political district of Sušice are analysed in detail with the emphasis put on changes in numbers of students in particular class, their gender and language composition and their geographical and socio-professional background. Emphasis is also laid on the percentage of the studying, who completed particular school successfully. The third part of this work builds on the second part. It sums up and generalises the results of the analysis and manipulates with it further using some theories from the field of history, sociology and the theory of nationalism. Especially the idea of social reproduction, social rise through secondary school education and the specific relationship of men and women to...
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