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ProspecÃÃo de substÃncias com potencial anticÃncer em microrganismos associados ao zoantÃdeo Protopalythoa variabilis (cnidaria, anthozoa) / Prospecting for substances with anticancer potential in microorganisms associated with the zoanthid Protopalythoa variabilis (cnidaria, anthozoa)Bianca Del Bianco Sahm 07 April 2014 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Os produtos naturais apresentam um papel fundamental na descoberta de novos fÃrmacos. Nesse contexto, os produtos naturais marinhos apresentam um grande potencial quÃmico e farmacolÃgico. Resultados prÃvios demonstraram um potencial quÃmico e farmacolÃgico promissor do zoantÃdeo Protopalythoa variabilis encontrado no litoral cearense. Por outro lado, fortes indÃcios apontam que os microrganismos associados sejam os verdadeiros responsÃveis pelo elaborado arsenal de metabÃlitos secundÃrios isolados de invertebrados marinhos. Dessa forma surgiu o interesse em estudar o potencial biomÃdico da microbiota associada ao P. variabilis. Os esforÃos para isolar as bactÃrias renderam um total de 10 colÃnias. Destas, 3 apresentaram padrÃes morfolÃgicos tÃpicos de actinomicetos e 2 delas foram estudadas neste trabalho. A cepa BRA-035 foi identificada como pertencente ao gÃnero de actinomicetos Streptomyces, e seu extrato acetato de etila, resultante da fermentaÃÃo em meio A1, causou alta inibiÃÃo do crescimento celular contra a linhagem de carcinoma de prÃstata metastÃtico PC-3/M, com concentraÃÃo inibitÃria mÃdia (CI50 ) na ordem de pg/mL. O fracionamento bioguiado levou ao isolamento dos compostos glicopiericidina A, piercidina D, e piericidina A, sendo que esta Ãltima apresentou elevada atividade antiproliferativa em linhagens tumorais de cÃncer de ovÃrio (OVCAR-8), cÃncer de cÃlon (HCT-116) e PC-3/M, com CI50 encontradas na ordem de pico atà fento molar. Apesar de jà ter sido amplamente estudada, esta pode ser a primeira ocorrÃncia de atividade antiproliferativa de Piericidina A contra as linhagens testadas neste trabalho, assim como a ordem de grandeza de sua potÃncia. Outra cepa selecionada para estudo, a BRA-060, tambÃm foi identificada como pertencente ao gÃrero Streptomyces. Sua fermentaÃÃo foi otimizada em meio Marine Broth para produÃÃo de extrato acetato de etila com citotoxicidade contra a linhagem de leucemia promielocÃtica HL-60 em ng/mL. O fracionamento bioguiado deste extrato resultou no isolamento de trÃs dicetopiperazinas: a ciclo (L-Tyr-trans-L-Pro), a ciclo(L-Phe-cis-4-OH-D-Pro) e a ciclo(L-Phe-trans-4-OH-L-Pro). As dicetopiperazinas isoladas apresentaram potente atividade citotÃxica contra as linhagens de glioblastoma (SF-295), cÃncer de ovÃrio (OVCAR-8), HCT-116 e HL-60 e outra leceumia K-562, com valores de CI50 variando de nano a micro molar. Embora suas estruturas jà terem sido descritas pela literatura, nenhum trabalho foi feito quanto a suas atividades citotÃxicas, podendo este ser o primeiro relato sobre suas propriedades antitumorais. Esses resultados ressaltam a importÃncia da microbiota associada ao zoantÃdeo P. variabilis, encontrado no litoral cearense, como fonte de compostos com potencial anticÃncer. / Natural products exhibit a fundamental role in the discovery of new medicines. Marine natural products possess a huge chemical and pharmacological potential to yield new leads. Previous results support the promising chemical and pharmacological potential of the zoanthid Protopalythoa variabilis from the coast of Ceara State. On the other hand, strong evidences have indicated that associated microorganisms are the producers of the elaborate arsenal of secondary metabolites isolated from marine invertebrates. Then this study aimed to investigate the biomedical potential of associated microbiota to P. variabilis. The efforts to isolate associated bacteria yielded 10 different strains, and 3 of them showed typical actinomycete morphology. Here 2 of these actinomcetes had their anticancer potential studied. The strain BRA-035 belongs to the genus Streptomyces. BRA-035 culture using A1 broth yielded an acetate extract with potent cytotoxicity against a prostatic carcinoma cell line (PC-3/M), with inhibitory concetrantion mean (IC50) value in pg/mL. The bioguided fractionation led to the isolation of glucopiericidin A, piericidin D and piericidin A, and the later showed high antiprolifetative activity against ovarian cancer (OVCAR-8), colon cancer (HCT-116) and PC-3/M with IC50 values ranging from pico to fentomolar. Although Piericidin A has been widely studied, this might be the first report of cytotoxic activity against the lineages tested in this work, as well as the magnitude of its potency. Another strain selected for this study, BRA-060, was identified as belong to the genus Streptomyces also. The fermentation was optimized in marine broth to produce an acetate extract highly cytotoxic against a leukemia cell line (HL-60). The bioguided fractionation of these extracts yielded three diketopiperazines: cyclo (L-Try-trans-L-Pro); cyclo (L-Phe-cis-4-OH-D-Pro) and cyclo (L-Phe-trans-4-OH-D-Pro). The diketopiperazines isolated showed potent cytotoxic activity against glioblastoma (SF-295), ovarian cancer (OVCAR-8), HCT-116, HL-60 and another leukemia (K-562) The IC50 values ranging from nanomolar and micromolar. Althought their structures have already been described in the literature, there was no previous report of their cytotoxic acitivities. Altogether, these results emphasize the value of microbiota associated with the zoanthid P. variabilis, found on the coast of Cearà State, as a source of active compounds.
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Long-Term Recovery of South Indian Creek Following Interstate ConstructionMcClure, Clara 01 December 2013 (has links) (PDF)
The expansion of Interstate 26 from Erwin, TN to the North Carolina border was a project that potentially adversely impacted South Indian Creek because of the steep landscapes and potential for erosion. Several studies have shown the short-term, negative effects of road construction on the water quality of nearby water bodies. Non-point source pollution is the major source of water pollution in the United States. The primary objective of this research is to evaluate the long-term effects of the construction of Interstate 26 on South Indian Creek to see if there has been any ecological recovery. The Environmental Health Sciences Laboratory of East Tennessee State University was contracted by the Tennessee Department of Transportation to collect data from before construction (1991-1992), during construction (1993-1994), and postconstruction (1995-1996). Comparison of microbial enzyme activities and other parameters to present-day (2012-2013) water quality conditions indicate that South Indian Creek has not fully recovered from the effects of the construction of the interstate.
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