In Europe of the Middle Ages, there existed an autonomous regime of truly private international business law based upon the customs and usages of merchants, the Law Merchant, administered in lay tribunals. The courts and legislators usurped the jurisdiction of the lay tribunals, and subverted the Law Merchant to municipal law. Arbitration was similarly subverted to municipal courts and strict legal controls. The courts continued to guard their jurisdiction jealously into the 20th century, when nations came to realize the inadequacy of national legal systems for international business problems, and the desire of business to escape parochial legal concerns and municipal courts. Canada adopted the New York Convention and UNCITRAL Model Law in 1986, which maximize party and arbitral autonomy and restrict court interference with arbitration. These new laws would permit the resurrection of an autonomous regime of international commercial dispute settlement largely divorced from national law and court controls, if the courts cooperate. This thesis is the first comprehensive, up-to-date study (of which I am aware) of Canadian case law on arbitration in the context of the history of autonomous commercial dispute resolution from the its zenith in the Middle Ages through its nadir, to its present attempted resurrection. This thesis shows that the courts of Canada continue to guard their jurisdiction jealously, finding the means in old notions and precedents to justify their refusal to cede jurisdiction to arbitrators. The courts have ignored the policies underlying the new laws, have failed to apply international precedents and standards, and have continued to apply notions and precedents from an era hostile to arbitration. / Law, Peter A. Allard School of / Graduate

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Universiẗat, Diss., 2005.

Interim Measures are viewed as an essential means to protect parties‘ rights in international commercial arbitration disputes. Most Arbitration Laws and Rules have recognised the arbitral tribunal‘s power to grant such measures. The success of this system relies on the court‘s assistance of the tribunal during the process. This relationship between the tribunal and the court is something vague under Egyptian Law, since there are no clear rules addressing the matter. Hence, this research examines the theories that explain the tribunal‘s authority and the relationship with the authority of the court. This study uses a comparative analytical approach in terms of analyzing relevant legal texts to determine the optimal legal approach to the issue. The purpose of the study is to address deficiencies in the Egyptian law – the Code of Civil Procedure and Egyptian Arbitration Law – and compare it with English, Scottish Arbitration Acts and international arbitration systems, laws, and practices. The findings of this research offer several recommendations that could help achieve a successful and smooth arbitration process. This study identifies and explains types of interim measures and explores the international practice of every type. It gives some important recommendations for future development and improvement of the Egyptian law. It also makes general recommendations that would help improve the efficiency of the English and Scottish laws.

This thesis aims to provide a critical appraisal of the validity and enforcement of arbitration agreements and clauses in the context of administrative contracts. The proposed thesis will consider the potential impacts of Shariah on arbitration proceedings initiated in Saudi Arabia, with particular attention focused on the requirements of the applicable procedural and substantive laws. Drawing on the administrative systems of France and Egypt, this thesis will consider how other civil law systems have balanced the rights of private parties with the unilateral authority of public administration, and the extent to which these systems have recognised the rights of private parties to resolve disputes through the mechanisms of arbitration.

Arbitration is central to the settlement of transnational commercial disputes. This dissertation discusses arbitration as an alternative method of dispute settlement as opposed to litigation. The work surveys the difficulties relating to international commercial arbitration and the enforcement of awards, and efforts made to overcome them. The research is divided into four chapters. The first chapter introduces the reader to the work. It gives a general background to international commercial arbitration and briefly explains what the dissertation is all about. Chapter two is definitional. It examines some of the definitions of international commercial arbitration and contains the author's thoughts on this issue. The author is of the view that the traditional definitions do not properly address the concept. It is concluded that the question whether an arbitration is international should largely depend on whether international norms are used to resolve the dispute rather than by reference to geographical considerations. This chapter also weighs the advantages and disadvantages of arbitration as against litigation. Chapter three deals with recognition and enforcement of awards. This is considered crucial since at the end of the day, parties to arbitration would want to enforce their awards in a court of law, in the event of non-compliance. Since the award might be made in a foreign country, enforcement may be problematic. The chapter examines efforts made in intemational and domestic law to overcome such problems and achieve enforceable awards. A selection of multi-lateral, regional and domestic laws is examined. This chapter also discusses problems of enforcing awards against states and steps taken to overcome them. The final chapter deals with general conclusion and suggestions. It is suggested that efforts should be made to harmonise international commercial arbitration. This can be achieved both in domestic and international law. / Jurisprudence / LL.M. (Jurisprudence)

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-12-18T12:06:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ciro Rangel Azevedo.pdf: 1165918 bytes, checksum: 4910f05409e091ccf65efbc7bf38513c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-18T12:06:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ciro Rangel Azevedo.pdf: 1165918 bytes, checksum: 4910f05409e091ccf65efbc7bf38513c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-06 / The purpose of the present paper is to analyze the phenomenon related to the binding of a non-signatory party to the arbitration agreement in the context of group of companies under the Brazilian legal system. Therefore, starting from the Brazilian legal framework of the arbitration agreement under the brazilian law nº 9.307/1996 and also a legal evaluation based on principles and arbitral and Brazilian court’s precedents, this paper seeks to comprehend the concept and extent of the non-signatory consent, which is the fundamental element to impose the binding effect. In this context, it will be comprehended the role carried out by the non-signatory party along the negotiation, execution and/or termination of the contract in which other company of the same group of companies celebrated with another party. The behavior adopted by the non-signatory party, though, may indicate the implied consent to the contract and to the arbitration provision inserted, justifying binding effect of the arbitration procedure upon the mentioned non-signatory party. However, the simple existence of a group of companies does not authorize immediately the binding effect, but generates the relative presumption of the non-signatory company’s consent. In conclusion, this paper indicates that is possible to bind a non-signatory party in the context of group of companies under Brazilian legal system / A presente dissertação tem por objeto a análise do fenômeno da vinculação da parte não signatária à cláusula compromissória nos casos dos denominados grupos societários à luz do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. A partir do regime jurídico da convenção de arbitragem segundo a Lei nº 9.307, de 23 de setembro de 1996, de uma análise a partir de princípios jurídicos e, ainda, de julgados sobre o tema proferidos em sede de arbitragem e pelas cortes judiciais domésticas, este trabalho busca compreender o conteúdo e alcance da declaração negocial da parte não signatária – pressuposto elementar para caracterizar a vinculação. Nesse contexto, será compreendido o papel desempenhado pela parte não signatária na negociação, celebração, execução e/ou cessação do contrato em que figuraram como partes signatárias outra sociedade do mesmo grupo societário e uma contraparte, de modo a revelar típico comportamento concludente apto a exteriorizar o consentimento, via declaração negocial tácita, da sociedade não signatária em relação ao contrato e à cláusula compromissória. Contudo, a mera existência do grupo societário não autoriza a automática vinculação da sociedade não signatária à cláusula compromissória, contudo a sua configuração gera presunção relativa de consentimento da sociedade não signatária, em razão das características de tais grupos. Ao final, o trabalho conduz à conclusão segundo a qual é possível vincular uma parte não signatária à cláusula compromissória nos casos de grupos societários à luz do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro

University of Macau / Faculty of Law

Arbitration is central to the settlement of transnational commercial disputes. This dissertation discusses arbitration as an alternative method of dispute settlement as opposed to litigation. The work surveys the difficulties relating to international commercial arbitration and the enforcement of awards, and efforts made to overcome them. The research is divided into four chapters. The first chapter introduces the reader to the work. It gives a general background to international commercial arbitration and briefly explains what the dissertation is all about. Chapter two is definitional. It examines some of the definitions of international commercial arbitration and contains the author's thoughts on this issue. The author is of the view that the traditional definitions do not properly address the concept. It is concluded that the question whether an arbitration is international should largely depend on whether international norms are used to resolve the dispute rather than by reference to geographical considerations. This chapter also weighs the advantages and disadvantages of arbitration as against litigation. Chapter three deals with recognition and enforcement of awards. This is considered crucial since at the end of the day, parties to arbitration would want to enforce their awards in a court of law, in the event of non-compliance. Since the award might be made in a foreign country, enforcement may be problematic. The chapter examines efforts made in intemational and domestic law to overcome such problems and achieve enforceable awards. A selection of multi-lateral, regional and domestic laws is examined. This chapter also discusses problems of enforcing awards against states and steps taken to overcome them. The final chapter deals with general conclusion and suggestions. It is suggested that efforts should be made to harmonise international commercial arbitration. This can be achieved both in domestic and international law. / Jurisprudence / LL.M. (Jurisprudence)