Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:01:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Kleber E Costa 2010.pdf: 674723 bytes, checksum: b91bb7e1afb3917d36460103fa30f27b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-03 / In the last decades there has been an increasing interest in the optimization of water distribution networks projects (LANSEY, 2006). This is the result of an urgent need to save public money, and especially to make good use of water, this precious resource, scarce and inaccessible in many parts of the world. In this scenario, many optimization routines of water distribution networks have been used. One of these routines is the Granados Method, which was developed by Alfredo Granados, in 1990, and provides the minimum cost of a water distribution network, considering the change in the price of the pipes according to their types, classes and diameters. One of the modern tools that have being used as a support to the project of water distribution networks is the free software EPANET, which is a simulator of the behavior and quality of the water, widely used in distribution systems under pressure. Geoprocessing, in turn, has been used in many areas, including the development of networks, be they water, sewer, electricity, transport, telephone etc. The ArcView GIS is a software that is widely accepted by researchers and designers worldwide. The EPANET integrated with the software ArcView GIS can work together through the installation of the software DC Water. Thus, we can run the hydraulic simulator EPANET within the environment of ArcView GIS. Through this work, we developed a computational routine based on Granados optimization method, within the geoprocessing software ArcView GIS, integrated with EPANET through the DC Water. This routine allows, in an automated way to carry out several simulations of diameters implementation, analyzing the energy losses and the resulting pressure on knots, in order to contribute to the production of an optimized water supply network. / Nas últimas décadas tem havido um crescente interesse na otimização de projetos de redes de distribuição de água. Isto é fruto da premente necessidade de se economizar o dinheiro público e, especialmente, aproveitar bem a água, este recurso tão precioso, escasso e inacessível em muitas regiões do mundo. Diante deste cenário, muitas rotinas de otimização de redes de distribuição de água têm sido utilizadas, sendo uma delas o Método de Granados. Este método foi desenvolvido por Alfredo Granados, em 1990, e proporciona o custo mínimo de uma rede de distribuição de água, considerando a variação do preço das tubulações em função de seus tipos, classes e diâmetros. Uma das ferramentas modernas que tem servido de suporte para o projeto de redes de distribuição de água é o software livre EPANET1. O EPANET é um simulador do comportamento e da qualidade da água, amplamente usado em sistemas de distribuição sob pressão. O geoprocessamento, por sua vez, tem sido utilizado em muitas áreas, inclusive no desenvolvimento de redes, sejam elas de água, de esgoto, de energia elétrica, de transporte, de telefonia etc. O ArcView GIS2 é um software de geoprocessamento que tem bastante aceitação por pesquisadores e projetistas no mundo todo. O EPANET pode trabalhar integrado ao geoprocessamento através da instalação do software DC WATER3. Desta forma, pode-se executar o simulador hidráulico EPANET dentro do ambiente do ArcView GIS. Através deste trabalho, desenvolveu-se uma rotina computacional baseada numa adaptação do método de otimização de Granados, dentro do software de geoprocessamento ArcView GIS, integrado ao EPANET por meio do DC Water. Esta rotina possibilita, de forma automatizada, a realização de diversas simulações de implementação de diâmetros, analisando suas perdas de carga e a pressão resultante nos nós, a fim de se contribuir para a produção de uma rede de abastecimento de água otimizada.

>Magister Scientiae - MSc

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / The Kuils River Catchment is an urban river catchment that forms part of the larger Kuils-Eerste River system draining the eastern half of the Cape Metropolitan Authority area and Stellenbosch Municipality. Rapid urbanisation has resulted in the encroachment of residential and industrial areas into the river system through channelization and sewage disposal. This research project intends to assess the quality of surface runoff in the Kuils River catchment and determining non-point source pollutant loading rates in the catchment using GIS-based modelling. The study results show how modelled potential sources of surface runoff and NPS pollutants using desktop GIS analysis tools in a sequential process that involved different levels of software applications could explain the characteristics of the catchment. With the help of the Expected Mean Concentration (EMC) values associated with surface runoff from land use/covers, NPS pollutant loads were assessed downstream towards the Kuils River Catchment outlet using the Nonpoint Source Pollution and Erosion Comparison Tool (N-SPECT) based in ArcGIS. The outputs from this model consist of predicted annual pollutant loading (mg/mvyear) for each Kuils-Eerste River that occurs in the catchment. The results have shown clearly the spatial distribution of sources of particular pollutants in the catchment. Further or advanced processing knowhow with this model might provide far reaching insights into the problem and it is however recommended that these results produced using N-SPECT be compared to those of other hydrologic models using the same inputs.