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Yes / The concept of an "anarchist archaeological framework" is not new; anarchy and archaeology have been explored in many forms together, including conference sessions (see SAA 2015 conference), special journal issues (Borck and Sanger 2017) and, more recently, as the focus of a manifesto written by a group known as the Black Trowel Collective (2016). This coincides with a broader movement across academia (and in general politics) calling for self-reflection and critical engagement with the problematic foundations that many of our disciplines have been based on, specifically with regards to sexism, racism, and colonisation. This paper continues this discussion by critically engaging with past attempts to utilise anarchist theory in archaeological interpretation, as well as expanding these arguments further by applying them to archaeological practice as well. I argue that engaging with anarchist theory in both interpretation and practice is a form of further detaching ourselves from the problematic foundations of our discipline and moving forward towards a more equitable archaeology that can imagine both a different past and future.

This work was concerned with compositional analysis of archaeological ceramics from the Nile Valley and surrounding region. This is a vital step in the tracing patterns of ceramic production in Ancient Egypt, a topic which has not been investigated in any detail because of the apparent physical homogeneity of the raw materials. For this reason a large number of elements (22) was measured by neutron activation to give maximum differentiation between the samples. Multivariate clustering methods were used to identify sample groups on the basis of their composition. The main aim of the work was to examine the basis of the fabric classification procedure known as the Vienna System, in terms of the elemental composition of the ceramics. This was achieved, not only in terms of the major fabric groups ( Nile alluvium and Marl clays) but also in finer detail. The composition of these Egyptian pottery sherds is therefore a complex function of the fabric and of the geographical origin ( provenance) since clay compositions vary from place to place. In the case of the Marl fabrics, the compositional variations associated with the fabric are large and overshadow variations arising from provenance, whereas for the Nile alluvium pottery, fabric and provenance variations were more equal

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This research investigates the compositional homogeneity of potash-limesilica glasses from the 12th-17th centuries in Northern Europe, and the significance of this with respect to compositional studies of archaeological glasses. The variables in the glass making process that influence the formation of a homogeneous glass are discussed, and investigated using laboratory replication of beech and bracken ash glasses. The experimental results are compared to archaeological material from glass production sites at Blunden's Wood, Knightons, Sidney Wood, and Little Birches in England, and Hils in Germany. Backscattered scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging is used to qualify the extent of inhomogeneity in both the experimental and archaeological samples. It is confirmed that visually homogeneous glasses can contain inhomogeneities that are only visible under backscattered SEM imaging. It is seen that the size and orientation of inhomogeneities is varied, and specific glass artefact types (such as crucible and waste glass) are more prone to inhomogeneity than fully formed glass (such as window and vessel glass). Electron microprobe analysis (EPMA) is used to quantify the extent of elemental variations present in the inhomogeneous archaeological glasses. The results show that a number of elements are significantly influenced by inhomogeneity, including those (such as calcium, magnesium and sodium) which are commonly used to form compositional groupings of medieval glass. It is concluded that although a number of variables in the glass making process influence the formation of a homogeneous glass, specific variables, such as increased furnace temperature and a high alkali concentration in the ash, appear to be the dominating factors. The presence of large elemental variations in a number of the archaeological glasses analysed confirms that inhomogeneity is a vital consideration in compositional studies of this material, and that particular care must be exercised when using analytical techniques that require only a small sample size.

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