This thesis provides a comprehensive view of the archaeological resources located around Brookville Lake, as well as an overall management plan regarding the care and significance of each recorded site and the reservoir as a whole.Brookville Lake, constructed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, opened in 1975. The main functions of Brookville Lake are flood control, water supply, recreation, and resource management. The total area encompassed within the reservoir is 11,185 acres, with the lake comprising 5,260 acres.To construct an archaeological resource management plan for the Brookville Lake Reservoir, extensive background research on all archaeological work within the Lake area was completed. This included both the early antiquarian work and more recent contract archaeological surveys done in the Whitewater River drainage. The examination of recorded historic and prehistoric archaeological sites was also discussed because of the potential historical significance of the property.Taking into account all previous work done in the reservoir and the incompleteness of the data regarding the presence of archaeological resources within the property, a research design was formulated for the completion of an archaeological survey.Finally, the development of management possibilities for the archaeological resources took into account legislation and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' master plan of development for the reservoir, the most recent plan dating to 1986. / Department of Anthropology

The Mean Ceramic Dating (MCD) formula is a widely accepted method for dating historic archaeological ceramic assemblages. This mathematical assessment uses historically known ceramic manufacture ranges to determine a date assumed to correspond with a site's occupation; however, formula applications on nineteenth century sites have been inconsistent in establishing acceptable absolute dates. An examination of applications of the formula on nineteenth century ceramics reveals that it's strength is not in its ability to establish absolute dates for a site, but rather to create relative intrasite chronologies. This study uses ceramic assemblages excavated from several of the feature and outbuilding remnants at the Lanier site (12Je490) to assess and evaluate the MCD formula. Historical documentation allows hypothetical chronologies to be established for the site. The MCD formula is applied to several Lanier site contexts in order to demonstrate the formula's ability to establish relative intrasite chronologies for a nineteenth century site. / Department of Anthropology

An archaeological records check and field reconnaissance have been completed for a proposed utility improvement project in Switzerland County, Indiana. Twenty-nine archaeological sites were documented. These sites date from the Early Archaic to the twentieth-century.Two sites, 12Sw381 and 12Sw386, were recommended for archaeological intensive assessments, or avoidance. Two sites, 12Sw366 and 12Sw368, were considered potentially eligible to the State and National Registers of Historic Places. These sites were not recommended for further assessment, because the proposed project would not adversely effect their significant archaeological resources. Three areas were also recommended for a subsurface reconnaissance.Beyond these areas and resources, it was recommended that the remainder of the proposed project be allowed to proceed. However, it was recommended that if any unanticipated archaeological resources were encountered, the project should be halted and the Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology of the Indiana Department of Natural Resources contacted before work resumes. / Department of Anthropology

An archaeological survey documenting sites along Upper Eel River within the Indiana counties of Allen, Whitley, Kosciusko and Wabash was conducted during 199192 to collect data which was analyzed to provide a clearer understanding of the region's cultural chronology and describe the area's cultural resources. A total of 765 previously unrecorded sites were documented, 493 of which were field-checked during field reconnaissance of 10% of the project universe, with 1010.82 acres surveyed. A research project completed entirely by volunteers succeeded in locating a number of potential archaeological sites from the Historic Period.Data from the present study securely defined the cultural chronology of the Upper Eel River Valley and yielded valuable information concerning settlement patterns, ecological exploitation, and avenues of migration. Cultural sequencing revealed the presence of Early Paleo-Indians along the river valley at approximately 12,000 B.P. and chronicled the continued expansion of prehistoric populations within the area into historic times. / Department of Anthropology

A detailed investigation of a feature from a Phase II Archaeological Survey is undertaken and described. This feature of unusual shape and size is excavated and interpreted through archaeological and research methodologies to give a better evaluation for the Phase II investigation and a much more comprehensive study of the people who formed this feature in the mid-1800's. The artifacts recovered associated with the documented history gives a view of that time period that shows the history of a particular tract of land - site 12Ma648, Lawrence Township, Marion County, Indiana. From the government's land patent deed in 1826 to the government's reacquisition of the property in 1903, the site's occupants have left evidence of their existence and afforded a unique opportunity to study the lives of early Indiana settlers. / Department of Anthropology

1989, the Archaeological Resources Management Service Ball State University conducted a reconnaissance level survey of 550 acres located within and adjacent to the Wabash River Valley in Huntington and Wabash Counties, Indiana. Additional survey was conducted in 1990 and 1991 on areas of expanded right-of-way within the original project area. The field reconnaissance located 188 archaeological sites. Twenty-one of the sites located by those surveys were subjected to archaeological testing.This study examines data from the survey and testing and presents a distribution of sites and human settlement across the study area. The study also develops a site typology which is used to address settlement pattern questions for the study area. / Department of Anthropology

The Upper Wabash Drainage over the last few years has become an area which has provided archaeologists with vital data concerning prehistoric settlement patterns. One time period which has not been well represented is the Archaic Period. Many questions have been unanswered about Archaic settlement patterns within the region. This study examines data from archaeological survey and presents a model for both Early and Late Archaic settlement within the Upper Wabash drainage. The information generated by this analysis will provide a better understanding of the Archaic period within this region. The study will also prove to be useful as a reference for future research as well as an important mechanism for resource management. / Department of Anthropology

An archaeological survey of Fayette County, Indiana was conducted under a Department of the Interior Historic Preservation Fund Survey and Planning Grant administered by the Indiana Department of Natural Resources Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology. The reconnaissance covered 747.3 acres by systematic survey.Prior to the survey, only 102 sites were on record in Fayette County. The systematic survey, collector interviews and background research identified 275 new sites. A total of 252 sites were identified through the systematic survey, while 23 sites were identified through collector interviews, background research and non-systematic field survey. A total of 4081 prehistoric and 13 historic artifacts were recovered. Site density for Fayette County was compiled from the systematic survey of the county and sites not found in conjunction with the systematic survey were not included. Overall site density for Fayette County is 1 site per 2.97 acres with an average of 15.66 artifacts per site and 5.28 artifacts per acre. Site densities for the Dearborn Upland were also compiled with an overall site density of 1 site per 2.64 acres. / Department of Anthropology

Following the social unrest of the 1960s, social scientists in America began to examine the persistence of ethnic identity among groups previously viewed in terms of their assimilation into the dominant culture or their geographical and thus cultural isolation. In 1969 social anthropologist Frederick Barth published his seminal essay on the subject. Ethnic identity, he claimed, can persist despite contact with and interdependence on other ethnic groups.This thesis attempts to effectively combine data from both the ethnohistoric and archaeological records in order to better understand the ethnic identity of Zachariah Cicott, a 19th century fur trader living in the central Wabash Valley. At this time the French families living in the United States had managed to maintain a separate sense of being or ethnic identity.The architectural style of an individuals residence has long been regarded as a reflection of the occupant’s ethnicity. French colonists arriving in North America brought with them a distinct architectural style characterized by the use of hand hewn vertical logs. As French communities spread across the North American landscape this style changed in response to the environment and raw materials at hand. Three ethnohistoric accounts of Cicott’s house make a convincing case for the presence of French architecture at the Cicott Trading Post Site (12Wa59).Archaeological excavations at the Cicott Trading Post Site have provided further evidence for French architecture. Found in association with a linear concentration of limestone, which appears to be the partial remains of the house foundation, were several fragments of pierrotage, a type of French mortar.Taken in conjunction with the ethnohistoric accounts, this limestone foundation and the associated pierrotage may be seen to represent the remains of a piece-sur-piece structure. / Department of Anthropology

Reconnaissance survey (Phase Ia) provides the backbone to archaeological field methodology. Archaeological sites are typically discovered through reconnaissance techniques, more often via pedestrian survey and shovel probe testing. There is a lack of a consensus in the archaeological community on whether or not these techniques are effective as reconnaissance methodology. The following thesis evaluates these techniques' relative effectiveness at finding and preliminarily evaluating archaeological sites, the main objectives of reconnaissance. This study compares actual and simulated surveys using both techniques on a multi-component site in a woodland setting as well as addressing the cost-effectiveness of these techniques when estimating the time needed to complete them. / Department of Anthropology