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Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi medir médias para algumas medidas intra e interarcos em modelos de gesso da população brasileira branca portadora de oclusão normal. Para isso, 51 modelos de oclusão normal foram digitalizados tridimensionalmente com o Microscribe duas vezes com um espaço de sete dias entre as digitações para avaliação do erro do método. Os dados conseguidos foram então trabalhados através do programa Tigaro. A estatística para estimar-se as médias foi realizada através da análise de modelo multinível e os erros sistemático e casual foram calculados através dos teste T- student e pela fórmula de Dahlberg, respectivamente. Como resultado foram estabelecidas estimativas das médias para a população brasileira com oclusão normal das distâncias intercaninos, intermolares, inter 1os pré-molares e inter 2os pré-molares, comprimento de arco, torques e inclinações dentárias, espessuras dos dentes no terço médio, altura de cúspides, profundidade da curva de Spee, overjet e overbite, angulação entre os planos oclusais, desvio de linha média e as diferenças entre as bordas oclusais dos dentes anteriores. Também a partir deste estudo, determinou-se um formato de arco padrão para a amostra estudada, que pode ser utilizado como template para arcos em ortodontia... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo). / Abstract: The aim of this paper was to measure the average of some intra and interarches measurements in cast models of the white brazilian population with normal occlusion. In order to achieve this objective, 51 models were digitized threedimensionally with a Microscribe twice seven days apart for method error evaluation. The collected data was then worked on the software Tigaro. The statistics used was the multilevel models analysis in order to estimated the means for the measures and the systematic and random error were calculated through the t-student test and Dahlberg's formula, respectively. As a result estimated means of intercanine, intermolar and interpremolar widths, arch length, torques and inclinations, teeth mid-third widths, cusp height, deepness of the curve of Spee, overjet and overbite, angulation between the planes of occlusion, mid-line deviation and the differences of the heights of the incisal borders of the anterior teeth were established for the white brazilian population with normal occlusion. Also, through this study a pattern of arch form was established for the sample studied, that can be used as a template for orthodontic arches. / Orientador: Luiz Gonzaga Gandini Júnior / Coorientador: Haruaki Hayasaki / Banca: Ary dos Santos Pinto / Banca: Adriano Marotta Araújo / Mestre

The idea of the arch as a compression member is presented. The statical work of the arch is illustrated with experiments on photoelastic models. The search for optimal shapes of arches is discussed. A study includes historical development of the arch from the Sumerian times up into the XX century. Examples of arches have been derived from Western Europe, Middle East and Asia; there are also examples of arches in Polish architecture, not well known in the United States. A selection of modern constructions illustrates actual trends in arch applications in contemporary architecture. / M. Arch.

Este trabalho é dedicado ao estudo da estabilidade de arcos, em regime elástico linear, submetidos a carregamentos conservativos. No Capítulo I, desenvolve-se a análise de alguns importantes trabalhos dos últimos 20 anos, sobre estabilidade de arcos, apresentando-se os seus procedimentos e principais resultados. O Capítulo 2 é dedicado aos estabelecimento de conceitos básicos do cálculo tensorial necessários para o desenvolvimento claro da teoria da elasticidade em coordenadas curvilíneas e sua aplicação na formulação variacional da teoria de barras curvas, apresentadas no Capítulo 3. O Capítulo 4 é dedicado à confecção de modelo matemático para o estudo da estabilidade de arco com geometria e carregamentos conservativos quaisquer, envolvendo o estabelecimento da trajetória fundamental de equilíbrio, a determinação da carga crítica e o estabelecimento da trajetória pós-crítica na vizinhança da carga crítica. A formulação adotada é a lagrangiana, a discretização do problema é feita pelo método dos elementos finitos, e as equações não lineares de equilíbrio são resolvidas por uma combinação dos métodos das perturbações e de Newton-Raphson. / This paper deals with the stability of arches in a linear-elastic condition under conservative loads. In Chapter 1, the analysis of some important papers on arch stability written during the last 20 years is developed, together with a presentation of their procedures and main results. Chapter 2 establishes some basic concepts of tensorial calculus, required for the clear development of the elasticity theory on curvilinear coordinates and its application to the variational formulation of the curved beams theory, which are presented in Chapter 3. In Chapter 4, a mathematical model for the study of the stability of arches with any geometry and any conservative loading is presented; it involves the establishment of the fundamental equilibrium trajectory, the determination of the critical loading and the establishment of the post critical trajectory near the critical loading. The Lagrangean formulation is adopted, the problem discretization is made by the finite element method, and the nonlinear equilibrium equations are solved through a combination of the perturbation and the Newton-Raphson methods.

This thesis presents the nonlinear in-plane behaviour of circular fixed arches subjected to thermal loading only. Due to the nonlinear prebuckling behaviour of arches and its effects, classical buckling theory which is founded on geometric prebuckling linearity can not predict the in-plane buckling of arches accurately. Based on a nonlinear formulation of the strain and displacement relationship and considering constant thermal distributions only, virtual work formulations are used to establish the differential equations of in-plane equilibrium and the statical boundary conditions, from which the nonlinear equilibrium equations are derived in closed form and which are suitable to use in design. By considering the adjacent buckled configurations, the differential buckling equilibrium equations are formulated from the principle of virtual work as well, and the analytical solutions for the nonlinear buckling of fixed arches are obtained. It is shown that nonlinear elastic buckling of a fixed in the plane of it curvature can not occur when it is subjected to thermal loading only, except if the arch is as a straight column. By using the algebraic representation of nonlinear in-plane equilibrium derived in this thesis, the elastic response of fixed arches at elevated temperatures and the attainment of first yield are examined in detail. The arch deflects transversely without bound in the elastic range at elevated temperatures, whereas it will yield first at the top extreme fibre of the cross section at the supports when a critical temperature is reached. The influence of several parameters such as the included angle is also considered. Based on the models of stress distributions at cross sections, the spread of yield both through the cross section and along the length of the arch is studied. It is indicated that the progress of yielding causes the first two hinges to form at the supports of the fixed arches, and then moment redistribution leads to the generation of the third hinge at the crown with an increase of temperature. Thus nonlinear plastic hinge analysis can be applied to the arch analysis under thermal loading.

Thesis (B.S.)--University of Missouri, School of Mines and Metallurgy, 1907. / The entire thesis text is included in file. Typescript. H. Zirulick determined to by Hyman Zirulick from "Forty-First Annual Catalogue. School of Mines and Metallurgy, University of Missouri". Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed January 26, 2009)

Thesis (M.S. in Mechanical Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 1990. / Thesis Advisor(s): Salinas, David. "December 1990." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 1, 2010. DTIC Identifier(s): Arches, Stress Analysis, Weight, Finite Element Analysis, Computer Programs, Optimization, Theses, Degrees Of Freedom, FORTRAN, Stiffness, Case Studies. Author(s) subject terms: Finite Element Method, Arches, Weight Optimization. Includes bibliographical references (p. 107). Also available in print.

Thesis (M.S.) in Civil Engineering--University of Maine, 2006. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 77).

This thesis explores the possibilities of using varied long span glue-laminated arches to create a dynamic structural enclosure over an expansive open surface. It investigates using arches that increase and decrease in height and span width, while varying in their lean. When combined with a fabric enclosure, they create a roof that constantly changes. The idea is to create a world class equestrian center that is visually exciting from both the interior and exterior, rather than simply creating a large scale version of a barn. / Master of Architecture

The Rayleigh-Ritz method is a convenient tool for the analysis of deflections in structures subjected to external forces. Bending moment relations can be developed and reliable values obtained for bending moments. In this thesis the Rayleigh-Ritz method is used for the analysis of a single-span, pin-connected circular arch subjected to uniform load along the arch. The method is explained, equations for deflections and moments are developed and the results of an illustrated problem are tabulated. The illustrated problem is also solved by a conventional method using the dummy load and virtual work techniques. Results are compared and found to be good. In both methods, account is taken of bending and axial forces; shear distortion is neglected. For the Rayleigh-Ritz method where undetermined coefficients are evaluated, a tabulation of the rate of convergence is presented. Computer programs for both methods are included. / Master of Science