Architecture has been pushed towards the realms of theorization, conceptualization and design methodologies. It is apparent that design is becoming interrupted and more associated with the manufacturing of ideas. It has lost its essence as a phenomenon whose roots are embedded in history and man’s relationship with his specific habitat. Hence, the aim of the thesis is to redirect architectural attention to Ecology and its various implications on design. The study puts forward the notion that human achievements are an outcome of the interaction between ecology, Culture and Cognitive Structure. These relationships are thought to set the principles behind environmental qualities of stability, compatibility and fitness. Once designers arrive at an understanding of these principles, they will be able to manipulate their design ideas to accommodate ever changing circumstances of their physical and cultural environments. The title “Physical, cultural and cognitive interactions in the conception and the production of the built environment” implies a significant theme which could indicate major traits that characterize modern practices and theorisation within the area of Architectural and Environmental Design Studies. In this work, it will be seen why and how: First, a lack of consideration for the physical environment, its requirements and its role in producing diversified architectural forms. The most significant outcome of a such position lies in divorcing nature, its laws and the ecosystems on which man has spent the preceding history elaborating building patterns on the basis of utilising them for his interest free of charge and without consequences to his survival. The fact is that different cultures, ways of life and differentiated built environments, which can only be attributed to man’s adaptation to different ecological conditions, have been widely swept away under the mythical notion of “International style”. Second, because the architects and theorists of the contemporary architecture admire mental constructions and abstract philosophies of their own, they have advocated an alien and distorted meaning of the concept of culture. The most likely interpretation of this vital concept is that it is viewed as related to a kind of abstract intellectual capacity in the human brain that does not lend itself to variation in the physical setting. Tragically, the adoption of such view has resulted in sweeping away subcultures which have been developed in remote areas in accordance with their geographical setting. The most acceptable meaning of culture has been to imply the role of physical environment in shaping social relations, the modes of thought, norms, beliefs, ways of life, the ideologies and the total range of customary behaviour, all of which have been influenced by people’s adaptation to their environment. Therefore, building forms, patterns of growth, town morphology, in short, architectural phenomenon, has, like culture, evolved characteristics from its natural habitat. We now often observe that such an argument is totally diminishing in the present architecture and in the environmental activities of those in charge. Third, the interruption of continuity and flow of human cognitive knowledge by introducing techniques and thoughts whose practical values, aesthetical capacities and meanings do not correspond with people’s knowledge of the environment, building behaviour or activities associated with the history of people’s relation to their own habitat. This work is structured in two main parts; the first one will deal with the contribution of the different disciplines such as Ecology, Culture, Economy, Psychology, Architecture and Urban Design from the theoretical point of view in the development of the different concepts. In the second part, we will discuss the impact of these disciplines on the production of our built environment and we will end up by suggesting a model highlighting the interactions of these disciplines in the evaluation and the production of our built environment through a chosen case study which is Algiers. The main methods used in this study are: Descriptive for the first part which is dealing with the review of the current literature on Ecology, Culture and Cognition; Analytic for the proposed model and the case study; the third method is predictive and concerns the last part of this work.

Thesis (M.Arch)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1980. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Includes bibliographies. / The summit house is examined as a building type. The Green Mountain climate is analyzed. A site is chosen in order that specific, as well as general, issues can be addressed during the design process. Protection is provided from only those aspects of the environment which pose a threat to the health or safety of the users. A cooperative attitude is defined toward the site and toward the climate. Natural forces are harnessed to reinforce selected architectural intentions. Natural forms which have evolved in a protective response to strong winds and various thermal actions are identified . The most effective of these are subsequently composed of or contained in built forms exposed to similar stresses . The relationships between winter and summer uses are clarified. Building materials and techniques and the qualities of access and enclosure are varied in response to daily and seasonal changes in the climate and in the activities it allows. A positive attitude toward continuity with the landscape is used as a generator of local and total building form. / by Eliot Warren Goldstein. / M.Arch

Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1981. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / A forty story commercial office tower in Tampa, Florida was redesigned for daylighting. The methods are outlined and results illustrated, A cooling load comparison is done to determine the economic feasibility of such a strategy. It was found that the smaller cooling plant and greater perimeter office space could offset the increased building expense. Energy savings were also significant, especially for cooling. / by Robert F. Roscow. / M.Arch.

Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1982. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-98). / Out of the inescapables of building come inspiration for architectural design. Decisions which respond to climate make their mark in design, just as structural requirements, lighting provisions, and the limitations of a site do. Presented here are "patterns" which have been developed to illustrate ways in which the design of dwellings can respond to climate. Rules of thumb for passive solar design and natural ventilation are included, as well as suggestions for providing a choice of differently tempered spaces. New patterns of use are also presented for responding to seasonal and diurnal changes. Several example designs are included. These designs all begin with the assumption of a shared-wall form and a Boston climate, but are meant for sites of different sizes, proportions, and orientations. / by Susan Kaufmann Paulos. / M.Arch.

Thesis. 1976. M.Arch.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Architecture. / Microfiche copy available in Archives and Rotch. / Bibliography: leaves 66-67. / by Simon Wiltz. / M.Arch.

This thesis is a report of a study of some aspects of the architecture and urban planning of the M'zab Valley communities of southern Algeria, North Africa. The interrelation of physical planning and religious/social structures of the communities of the M'zab Valley are explored. This study was concerned with the following questions: (1) What are the various environmental factors that influence the design values of the M'zabites? (2) To what extent is the distinctive style of architecture in the M'zab due to religion: the Ibadi heritage or Islam in general? (3) How has the M'zab social structure responded to outside influences in recent years? (4) What is the present trend of the M'zab urban communities in architecture and planning?

About the Book: This selected series of international studies is aimed at achieving a balance between the house and the desert, assuming an energy-conscious future. In the book experimental houses and examples from the world's deserts are discussed, documented and illustrated. The studies were sponsored by the Arid Lands Natural Resources Committee of the University of Arizona.

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Orientador: Stelamaris Rolla Bertoli / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T13:37:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oiticica_MariaLuciaGondimdaRosa_D.pdf: 8031849 bytes, checksum: 7b186c29405cc5443f860aedc6138082 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Abstract: Com a crise energética na década de 60, varias discussões foram levantadas com o propósito de estimular as edificações a estarem inseridas em um contexto sustentável. As edificações, por serem grandes consumidoras dos recursos naturais, buscam ser mais eficientes energeticamente que outras quando estas proporcionam as mesmas condições ambientais com menor consumo energético. Para tal, a bioclimatologia que relaciona o estudo do clima aplicado à arquitetura, quando focada nas decisões arquitetônicas, torna-se uma excelente ferramenta para se obter valores de consumo energéticos mais baixos. Nas regiões de clima quente úmido, a utilização do peitoril ventilado como estratégia de projeto bioclimático, é uma ferramenta de projeto muito bem aplicada dentro deste conceito. O peitoril ventilado é um dispositivo geralmente executado em concreto, em formato geralmente em "L" invertido, sobreposto a uma abertura localizada no peitoril abaixo das janelas, que tem por finalidade atuar como fonte complementar do movimento de ar proporcionado pelas aberturas. A presença deste elemento nas aberturas das edificações pode proporcionar uma redução do consumo de energia, uma vez que estimula a climatização natural, mas ao mesmo tempo permite a passagem de ruído para o interior das edificações. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de investigar o desempenho acústico de diversos protótipos de peitoril ventilado, utilizados em fachadas como estratégia passiva de projeto bioclimático. Como método de avaliação acústica foi medido o grau de isolamento acústico dos peitoris ventilados através da diferença de nível sonoro padronizado mantendo-se fixa a área de abertura e variando as características construtivas do elemento de fachada investigado. Diante dos diversos materiais construtivos utilizados nos protótipos foi possível verificar significativas alterações na atenuação acústica dos diferentes modelos investigados. Com isto, registra-se que a utilização de uma estratégia passiva de projeto bem aplicada poderá propiciar em melhora nas condições acústica no interior das edificações, estimulando assim a utilização da climatização natural e consequentemente contribuindo para um menor consumo energético. / Abstract: With the energy crisis in the 60s, several discussions have been raised with the intention of stimulating the buildings to be included in a sustainable context. The buildings, being large consumers of natural resources, seek to be more energy efficient than others when they provide the same environmental conditions with lower energy consumption. To this end, the bioclimatology that connects the study of climate applied to architecture, when focused on architectural decisions, it is an excellent tool to obtain values of lower energy consumption. In regions of warm humid climate, the use of ventilated window sill as bioclimatic design strategy is a very well implemented project tool in this concept. The ventilated window sill is a device generally in "L" inverted, made on concrete, overlaid with a sill opening located below the window, mainly act as a supplementary movement of air source provided by openings. The presence of this element in the openings of buildings can provide a reduction in energy consumption since it stimulates the natural climatization, but at the same time allows the passage of noise to the interior of buildings. This work aims to investigate the sound insulation of a wall containing different prototypes of ventilated windows sill commonly used in walls as a passive bioclimatic design. The presence of this element in the openings of buildings can provide a reduction in energy consumption since it stimulates the natural air conditioning, but at the same time allows the passage of noise to the interior of buildings. This work aims to investigate the sound insulation of a wall containing different prototypes of ventilated windows sill commonly used in walls as a passive bioclimatic design. As methodology, different settings of ventilated window sill were inserted in façade of flat opening building but made of different materials. The sound insulation performance of each element used in a façade were compared and analyzed. In preliminary results it was possible to verify changes in acoustic attenuation of different types of ventilated windows sill investigated. That is, records that the use of a passive strategy and implemented the project could offer in improving thermal and acoustic conditions inside the buildings with lower energy consumption. / Doutorado / Arquitetura e Construção / Doutor em Engenharia Civil

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